- Abu-Zanat, M. M. W. & Tabbaa, M. J. (2006). Effect of feeding Atriplex browse to lactating ewes on milk yield and growth rate of their lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 64 (1-2), 152-161.
- Akin, D. E. & Benner, R. (1988). Degradation of polysaccharides and lignin by ruminal bacteria and fungi. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 54, 1117-1125.
- Angaji, L., Souri, M. & Moeini, M. M. (2011). Deactivation of tannins in raisin stalk by polyethylene glycol-600: Effect on degradation and gas production in vitro. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21), 4478-4483.AOAC (2000). Official methods of analysis. )17th Edit(. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (Gaithersburg, MD, USA).
- Blummel, M., Makkar, H. P. S. & Becker, K. (1997). In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 77, 24-34.
- Bernalier, A., Fonty, G., Bonnemoy, F. & Gouet, P. (1992). Degradation and fermentation of cellulose by the rumen anaerobic fungi in axenic cultures or in association with cellulolytic bacteria. Current Microbiology, 25, 143-148.
- Broderick, G. A. & Kang, J. H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63, 64-75.
- Chen, Y. C., Hseu, R. S. & Cheng, K. J. (2003). The genetic similarity of different generations of Neocallimastix frontalis SK. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 221, 227-231.
- Colombatto, D. & Beauchemin, K.A. (2003). A proposed methodology to standardize the determination of enzymic activities present in enzyme additives used in ruminant diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 83, 559-568.
- Cone, J. W., Van Gelder, A. H., Visscher, G. J. W. & Oudshoorn, L. (1996). Influence of rumen fluid and substrate concentration on fermentation kinetics measured with a fully automated time related gas production apparatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61, 113-128.
- Dashtban, M., Schraft, H. & Qin, W. (2009). Fungal bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues; opportunities & perspectives. International Journal Biological Science, 5, 578-595.
- Dereje, M. & Uden, P. (2005). The browsing dromedary camel: I. Behaviour, plant preference and quality of forage selected. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 121, 297-308.
- Dulphy, J. P., Dardillat, C., Jailler, M. & Ballet, J. M. (1997). Comparative study of forestomach digestion in llamas and sheep. Reproduction and Nutrition Development, 37, 709-725.
- El Shaer, H. M. (2010). Halophytes and salt-tolerant plants as potential forage for ruminants in the Near East region. A Review. Small Ruminant Research, 91, 3-12.
- Haddi, M. L., Arab, H., Yacoub, F., Hornick, J. L., Rollin, F. & Mehennaoui, S. (2009). Seasonal changes in chemical composition and in vitro gas production of six plants from Eastern Algerian arid regions. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 21(4).
- Hassan, A. A. (2009). Effect of some Enrichment and Nawaz biological treatments on a melioration utilization of Atriplex nummularia fed by sheep. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 12 (3) Special Issue, 553-566.
- Hassan Sallam, S. M. A., Da Silva Bueno, I. C., De Godoy, P. B., Eduardo, F. N., Schmidt Vittib, D. M. S. & Abdalla, A. L. (2010). Ruminal fermentation and tannins bioactivity of some browses using a semi-automated gas production technique. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 12, 1-10.
- Heckathorn, S. A., McNaughton, S. J. & Cleman, J. S. (1999). In: C4 Plant, Biology, Sage, R.F., Monson, R.K. (Eds.), C4 Plants and herbivory. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 285-312.
- Jones, G. A., McAllister, T. A., Muir, A. D. & Cheng, K. J. (1994). Effects of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) condensed tannins on growth and proteolysis by four strains of ruminal bacteria. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 60, 1374-1378.
- Kassily, F. N. (2002). Forge quality and camel feeding patterns in central baringo. Kenyaian Livestock Production Science, 78 (2), 175 - 182.
- Lee, S. S., Ha, J. K. & Cheng, K. J. (2000). Relative Contributions of Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi to in vitro degradation of orchard grass cell walls and their interactions. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 3807-3813.
- Lemosquet, S., Dardillat, C., Jailler, M. & Dulphy, J.P. (1996). Voluntary intake and gastric digestion of two hays by llamas and sheep: influence of concentrate supplementation. Journal of Agricultural Science Camb, 127, 539-548.
- Makkar, H. P. S. & McSweeney, C. S. (2005). Methods in Gut Microbial Ecology for Ruminants. International Atomic Energy Agency. Published by Springer. P 25.
- Min, B. R. Attwood, G. T., McNabbb, W. C., Molanb, A. L. & Barry, T. N. (2005). The effect of condensed tannins from Lotus corniculatus on the proteolytic activities and growth of rumen bacteria. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 121, 45-58.
- Minson, D. J. (1971). Influences of lignin and silicon on a summative system for assessing the organic matter digestibility of Panicum. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 22, 589-598.
- Mohammadabadi, T., Chaji, M. & Bojarpour, M. (2012). The effect of steam pressure treatment on gas production parameters of sugarcane pith using isolated Rumen microbiota. Journal of Animal Science Researches, 4(3), 240-246. (in Farsi)
- Nagpal, R., Puniya, A. K. & Singh, K. (2009). In vitro fibrolytic activities of the anaerobic fungus. Caecomyces sp., immobilized in alginate beads. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 18, 758-768.
- Orpin, C. G. (1975). Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis. General Microbiology, 91, 249-262.
- Orskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighted according to rat of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92, 499-503.
- Paul, S. S., Kamra, D. N., Sastry, V. R. B. & Agarwal, N. (2004). Effect of administration of an anaerobic gut fungus isolated from wild blue bull to buffaloes on in vivo ruminal fermentation and digestion of nutrients. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115,143-157.
- Russell, J. B. & Strobel, H. J. (1989). Effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 55, 1-6.
- Sage, R. F., Sage, T. L. & Kocacinar, F. (2012). Photorespiration and the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 63, 19-47.
- SAS (2005). User’s Guide. Release 6.08. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
- Schofield, P., Pitt, R. E. & Pell, A. N. (1994). Kinetics of fiber digestion from in vitro gas production. Journal of Animal Science, 72, 2980-2991.
- Schillhorn, V. V. & Leoffler, T. W. (1990). Mineral deficiencies in ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 22, 197-205.
- Sharifi, M. & Khadem, A. A. (2012). Dynamic fermentation in ruminants animal products to biogas. Adine book. 281-282.
- Shawket, M. S. & Ahmed, M. H. (2009). Effect of prolonged feeding Atriplex (saltbush) to camels on digestibility, nutritive value and nitrogen utilization. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 12 (3) Special Issue: 205- 214.
- Shawket, S. M., Youssef, K. M. & Ahmed, M. H. (2010). Comparative evaluation of Egyptian clover and Atriplex Haliums diets for growth and milk production in camel (Camelus dromedarius). Animal Science Reporter, 4, 9-20.
- Sirohi, S. K., Choudhury, P. K., Dagar, S. S., Puniya, A. K. & Singh, D. (2012). Isolation, characterization and fibre degradation potential of anaerobic rumen fungi from cattle. Annuals of Microbiology, DOI 10.1007/s13213-012-0577-6.
- Sliwinski, B. J., Soliva, C. R., Machmuller, A. & Kreuzer, M. (2002). Efficacy of plant extracts rich in secondary constituents to modify rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101, 101-114.
- Smith, G. S. (1992). Toxification and detoxification of plant compounds by ruminants: an overview. Journal of Range Management, 45, 25-30.
- Smith, A. H., Zoetendal, E. & Mackie, R. I. (2005). Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins. Microbiology Ecology, 50, 197-205.
- Soltan, Y. A., Morsy, A. S., Sallam, S. M. A., Louvandini, H. & Abdalla, A. L. (2012). Comparative in vitro evaluation of forage legumes (prosopis, acacia, atriplex, and leucaena) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. Animal and Feed Science, 21, 759-772.
- Tavendale, M. H., Meagher, L. P., Pacheco, D., Walker, N., Attwood, G. T. & Sivakumaran, S. (2005). Methane production from in vitro rumen incubations with Lotus pedunculatus and Medicago sativa, and effects of extractable condensed tannin fractions on methanogenesis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123(1), 403-419.
- Teferedegne, B. (2000). New perspectives on the use of tropical plants to improve ruminant nutrition. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59, 209-214.
- Thareja, A., Puniya, A. K., Goel, G., Nagpal, R., Sehgal, J. P., Singh, P. & Singh, K. (2006). In vitro degradation of wheat straw by anaerobic fungi from small ruminants. Archive of Animal Nutrition, 60, 412-417.
- Theodorou, M. K., Williams, B. A., Dhanoa, M. S., McAllan, A. B. & France, J. (1994). A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 74, 3583-3597.
- Towhidi, A., Saberifar, T. & Dirandeh, E. (2011). Nutritive value of some herbage for dromedary camels in the central arid zone of Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43, 617-622.
- Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991) Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583- 3597.
- Von-Engelhardt, W., Dycker, C. H. & Lechner-Doll, M. (2007). Absorption of short-chain fatty acids, sodium and waterfrom the forestomach of camels. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 177, 631-640.
- Waghorn, G. C., Shelton, I. D., McNabb, W. C. & McCutcheon, S. N. (1994). Effects of condensed tannin in Lotus pedunculatus on nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogenous aspects. Journal of Agricultural Science, 123, 109-119.
- Wang, Y., McAllister, T. A., Yanke, L. J., Xu, Z. J., Cheeke, P. R. & Cheng, K. J. (2000). In Vitro effects of steroidal saponins from Yucca sc hidigera extract on rumen microbes. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, 887-896.
- Wilson, R.T. (1998). Camels. Macmillan Education Ltd., London.
- Zhang, Y., Gao, W. & Meng, Q. (2007). Fermentation of plant cell walls by ruminal bacteria, protozoa and fungi and their interaction with fibre particle size. Archives of Animal nutrition, 61(2), 114-125.
|