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اثر دما و شدت تشعشع بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج در شرایط اقلیمی مازندران | ||
| به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 19، شماره 1، فروردین 1396، صفحه 163-176 اصل مقاله (647.06 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2017.60406 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ناهید فتحی1؛ همت اله پیردشتی2؛ مرتضی نصیری3؛ اسماعیل بخشنده* 4 | ||
| 1کارشناس‌ارشد زراعت، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در مازندران، آمل، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در مازندران، آمل، ایران. | ||
| 4استادیار پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی اثر اقلیمهای متفاوت محلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم بومی و اصلاح شده برنج (’طارم هاشمی‘ و’شیرودی‘) و کمیسازی روابط عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد با شدت تشعشع خورشیدی و دمای هوا در طول دوره رشد، سه آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سه منطقه بابلسر، آمل و پل‌سفید از شهرستانهای استان مازندران در سال 1393 اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثر اقلیمهای متفاوت محلی بر برخی از صفات همچون عملکرد دانه، تعداد خوشه، وزن خوشه، طول خوشه، تعداد کل دانه در خوشه و تعداد دانه پر به طور آماری در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار گردید. مزارع پل‌سفید در کلیه صفات نسبت به مزارع آمل و بابلسر از مقادیر عددی پایین‌تری برخوردار بودند که علت آن را می‌توان به وقوع میانگین دمای هوا و شدت تشعشع خورشیدی پایین‌تر در طول دوره رشد برنج به خصوص در مرحله زایشی در این منطقه نسبت داد. کاهش میانگین دمای هوا و شدت تشعشع خورشیدی ناشی از افزایش ارتفاع از سطح آب‌های آزاد، باعث کاهش معنیدار عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (25-10 درصد وابسته به رقم) در هر دو رقم شد. علاوه بر این، تأثیر کاهش میانگین دمای هوا بر عملکرد دانه بیشتر از شدت تشعشع خورشیدی بود. در مجموع، با استفاده از یافته‌های این مطالعه بهخوبی می‌توان تغییرات عملکرد دو رقم برنج را در اقلیمی‌های متفاوت محلی مورد مطالعه را کمّی‌سازی و همچنین کاهش احتمالی عملکرد برنج به دلیل تأخیر در کشت را نیز برآورد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقلیم متفاوت محلی؛ برنج؛ تجزیه رگرسیون؛ دمای هوا؛ شدت تشعشع خورشیدی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of weather temperature and solar radiation on grain yield and yield components of rice under different local climates in Mazandaran province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nahid Fathi1؛ Hemmatollah Pirdashti2؛ Morteza Nasiri3؛ Esmaeil Bakhshandeh4 | ||
| 1MSc of Agronomy, Department of Seed Quality, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study aimed to investigate the effect of different local climates on grain yield (GY) and yield components (YC) of two different rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to quantify the relationships between GY and YC with the average of weather temperature (T, °C) and solar radiation (SR, MJ m-2 d-1) during the growing season of rice. Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications, at the paddy fields of Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid cities in northern Iran in 2014. The results indicated that the effect of different local climates were statistically significant on GY, the number of panicles, length of panicle, weight of panicle, total number of grain in each panicle and the number of filled grain (P < 0.01). In all traits, the values related to Polesefid were lower than both Amol and Babolsar which can be resulted in lower T and SR during the rice growing, especially in the reproductive stage. Decline in T and SR due to increasing in the above mean sea level were cased a decrease in GY and biological yield of both cultivars (about 10-25 percent, depending on the cultivar). In addition, GY was affected by decrease in T more than SR. Consequently, the results shown that we simply can quantify the variation in GY in both cultivars under different local climates and also can calculate a possible reduction in GY due to the delay in transplanting. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Different local climates, regression analysis, rice, Solar radiation, weather temperature | ||
| مراجع | ||
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