تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,533 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,514 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,131,115 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,237,351 |
A review on enhancement techniques of electrokinetic soil remediation | ||
Pollution | ||
مقاله 14، دوره 3، شماره 1، فروردین 2017، صفحه 157-166 اصل مقاله (611.76 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Review Paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2017.59583 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Ahmad Jamshidi-Zanjani* ؛ Ahmad Khodadadi Darban | ||
Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-143 Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
During the last decade, the expansion of urbanization and industrial activities caused serious environmental problems such as soil pollution. Novel technologies are required to remediate soil contamination with toxic contaminants, including heavy metals and organic pollutants. In recent years, there have been increasing attempts to improve soil remediation efficiency. Electrokinetic (EK) is an emerging remediation technology for mixed contaminants, especially in low hydraulic conductivity soils. During EK remediation process, an electric field is applied to the specimen to remove the contaminants from soil by means of electro-osmotic (EO), electro-migration (EM), and electrophoresis (EP) processes. The usual EK technique may have no suitable removal efficiency or contaminants migration. Thus, enhancement techniques or their combination with other technologies are required to overcome EK limitations, increasing its efficiency. The present study reviews seven main enhancement techniques combined with EK; they include using surfactant, chelants, complexing agents, soil pH control, bioremediation, permeable reactive barriers, and ultrasonication. It should be mentioned that, selecting the suitable combination technique highly depends on the soil type and the kind of contaminant. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Electrokinetic؛ enhancement techniques؛ Soil remediation؛ Zeta potential | ||
مراجع | ||
Acar, Y.B., Hamed, J.T. and Gale, R.J. (1994). Removal of cadmium (II) From saturated kaolinite by the application of electrical current. Geotechniques. 44(2), 239-254.
Acar, Y.B., Gale, R.J., Putnam, G.A., Hamed, J. and Wong, R.L. (1990). Electrochemical processing of soils: Theory of pH gradient development by diffusion, migration, and linear convection. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. 25, 687-714.
Akretche, D.E. (2002). Influence of the solid nature in the efficiency of an electrokinetic process. Desalination. 147, 381-85.
Alshawabkeh, A.N. and Acar, Y.B. (1992). Removal of Contaminants from Soils by Electrokinetics: A Theoretical Treatise. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. 27, 1835-1861.
Amrate, S., Akretche, D.E., Innocent, C. and Seta, P. (2005). Removal of Pb from a calcareous soil during EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction. Sci. Total. Environ. 349, 56-66.
Annamalai, S., Selvaraj, S., Selvaraj, H., Santhanam, M. and Pazos, M. (2015). Electrokinetic remediation: Challenging and optimization of electrolyte for sulfate removal in textile effluent-contaminated farming soil. RSC Adv., 5(99), 81052-81058.
Bahemmat, M., Farahbakhsh, M. and Kianirad, M. (2016). Humic substances-enhanced electroremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. J. Hazard. Mater., 312, 307-318.
Cameselle, C. (2015). Enhancement of Electro-Osmotic Flow during the Electrokinetic Treatment of A Contaminated Soil. Electrochim. Acta., 181, 31-38.
Cang, L., Zhou, D.M., Wu, D.Y. and Alshawabkeh, A.N. (2009). Coupling electrokinetics with permeable reactive barriers of zero-valent iron for treating a chromium contaminated soil. Sep. Sci. Technol., 44, 2188-2202.
Chen, F., Xing, J.H. and Cao, Z.W. (2013). Study on the electrokinetic remediation technology of Cr(IV) polluted soil. Adv. Mater. Res., 726-731, 1751-1754.
Chew, C.F. and Zhang, T.C. (1998). In-situ remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater by electrokinetics iron wall processes. Water. Sci. Technol., 38, 135-142.
Chirakkara, R.A., Reddy, K.R. and Cameselle, C. (2015). Electrokinetic Amendment in Phytoremediation of Mixed Contaminated Soil. Electrochim. Acta., 181, 179-191.
Chung, H.I. and Lee, M. (2007). A new method for remedial treatment of contaminated clayey soils by electrokinetics coupled with permeable reactive barriers. Electrochim. Acta. 52, 3427-3431.
Chung, H.I. and Kamon, M. (2005). Ultrasonically enhanced electrokinetic remediation for removal of Pb and phenanthrene in contaminated soils. Eng. Geol., 77, 233-242.
Cox, C.D., Shoesmith, M.A. and Ghosh, M.M. (1996). Electrokinetic remediation of mercury contaminated soils using iodine/iodide lixiviant. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1933-1938.
Darban, A.K., Ayati, B., Yong, R.N., Khodadadi, A. and Kiayee, A. (2009). Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Mercury-Contaminated Tailing Dam Sediments. J. ASTM Int., 6(5), 1-11.
Estabragh, A.R., Bordbar, A.T., Ghaziani, F. and Javadi, A.A. (2016). Removal of MTBE from a clay soil using electrokinetic technique. Environ. Technol., 37, 1745-1756.
Fan, G., Cang, L., Fang, G. and Zhou, D. (2014). Surfactant and oxidant enhanced electrokinetic remediation of a PCBs polluted soil. Sep. Purif. Technol., 123, 106-113.
Figueroa, A., Cameselle, C., Gouveia, S. and Hansen, H.K. (2016). Electrokinetic treatment of an agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals. J. Environ. Sci. Health. A. Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 51, 691-700.
Genc, A., Chase, G. and Foos, A. (2009). Electrokinetic removal of manganese from river sediment. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut., 197, 131-141.
Gidarakos, E. and Giannis, A. (2006). Chelate agents enhanced electrokinetic remediation for removal cadmium and zinc by conditioning catholyte pH. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut., 172, 295-312.
Gomes, H.I., Dias-Ferreira, C. and Ribeiro, A.B. (2012). Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies. Chemosphere., 87, 1077-1090.
Gu, Y.Y., Yeung, A.T., Koenig, A. and Li, H.J. (2009). Effects of chelating agents on zeta potential of cadmium-contaminated natural clay. Sep. Sci. Technol., 44, 2203-2222.
Guedes, P., Mateus, E.P., Couto, N., Rodríguez, Y. and Ribeiro, A.B. (2014). Electrokinetic remediation of six emerging organic contaminants from soil. Chemosphere. 117(1), 124-131.
Habibul, N., Hu, Y., Sheng, G.P. (2016). Microbial fuel cell driving electrokinetic remediation of toxic metal contaminated soils, J. Hazard. Mater. 318, 9-14.
Harwell, J.H. (1992). Factors affecting surfactant performance in groundwater remediation applications, in: D.A. Sabitini, R.C. Knox (Eds.), Transport and Remediation of Subsurface Contaminants: Colloidal, Interfacial, and Surfactant Phenomena, ACS Symposium Series 491, American Chemical Society, (pp. 124-132). Washington, DC.
Hassan, I., Mohamedelhassan, E. and Yanful, E.K. (2015). Solar powered electrokinetic remediation of Cu polluted soil using a novel anode configuration. Electrochim. Acta., 181, 58-67.
Huang, D., Xu, Q., Cheng, J., Lu, X. and Zhang, H. (2012). Electrokinetic Remediation and Its Combined Technologies for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Contaminated Soils. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 4528-4544.
Jeon, E.K., Jung, J.M., Kim, W.S., Ko, S.H. and Baek, K. (2014). In situ electrokinetic remediation of as-, cu-, and pb-contaminated paddy soil using hexagonal electrode configuration: A full scale study. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22 (1), 711-720.
Ji, M., Zou, H., Du, W., Gao, K. and Liu, C. (2016). Surfactant enhanced electrokinetic remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil. Chin. J. Environ. Eng., 10(7), 3871-3876.
Kim, G.N., Kim, S.S., Park, U.R. and Moon, J.K. (2015). Decontamination of Soil Contaminated with Cesium using Electrokinetic-electrodialytic Method. Electrochim. Acta., 181, 233-237.
Kim, D.H., Ryu, B.G., Park, S.W., Seo, C.I. and Baek, K. (2009). Electrokinetic remediation of Zn and Ni-contaminated soil. J. Hazard. Mater., 165(1), 501-505.
Kiyaee, A., Tavakoli, M.R. and Khodadadi, A. (2013). Investigation of Electrokinetic for the Removal of Mercury from Contaminated Soil and Sediment. J. Tethys., 1(4), 266-281.
Lee, K.Y., Kim, H.A., Lee, B.T., Kim, S.O., Kwon, Y.H. Kim, K.W. (2011). A feasibility study on bioelectrokinetics for the removal of heavy metals from tailing soil. Environ. Geochem. Health., 33, 3-11.
Lee, H.J., Choi, J.M., Cho, J.W. and Moon, S.H. (2002). Characterization of anion exchange membranes fouled with humate during electrodialysis. J. Membr. Sci. 203, 115-126.
Lee, H.S. and Lee, K. (2001). Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil by bacterial cells transported by electrokinetics. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11, 1038-1045.
Li, D., Tan, X.Y., Wu, X.D., Pan, C. and Xu, P. (2014). Effects of electrolyte characteristics on soil conductivity and current in electrokinetic remediation of lead-contaminated soil. Sep. Purif. Technol., 135, 14-21.
Li, T.P., Yuan, S.H., Wan, J.Z., and Lu, X.H. (2010). Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin enhanced electrokinetic remediation of sediment contaminated with HCB and heavy metals. J. Hazard. Mater., 176, 306-312.
Li, A., Cheung, K.A. and Reddy, K.R. (2000). Cosolvent-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated with phenanthrene, J. Environ. Eng. ASCE. 126, 527-533.
Lynch, R.J., Muntoni, A., Ruggeri, R. and Winfield, K.C. (2007). Preliminary tests of an electrokinetic barrier to prevent heavy metal pollution of soils. Electrochim. Acta., 52, 3432-3440.
Masi, M. and Losito, G. (2015). Spectral induced polarization for monitoring electrokinetic remediation processes. J. Appl. Geophys., 123, 284-294.
Maturi, K. and Reddy, K.R. (2008). Cosolvent-enhanced desorption and transport of heavy metals and organic contaminants in soils during electrokinetic remediation. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut., 189, 199-211.
Maturi, K. and Reddy K.R. (2006). Simultaneous removal of organic compounds and heavy metals from soils by electrokinetic remediation with a modified cyclodextrin. Chemosphere., 63, 1022-1031.
Mena, E., Villaseñor, J., Rodrigo, M.A. and Cañizares, P. (2016). Electrokinetic remediation of soil polluted with insoluble organics using biological permeable reactive barriers: Effect of periodic polarity reversal and voltage gradient. Chem. Eng. J., 299, 30-36.
Moghadam, M.J., Moayedi, H., Sadeghi, M.M., and Hajiannia, A. (2016). A review of combinations of electrokinetic applications, Environ. Geochem. Health., DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9795-3
Mohamed Johar, S. and Embong, Z. (2015). The optimisation of electrokinetic remediation for heavy metals and radioactivity contamination on Holyrood-Lunas soil (acrisol species) in Sri Gading Industrial Area, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 167(1-3), 160-164.
Moon, J.W., Moon, H.S., Kim, H. and Roh, Y. (2005). Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using zero valent iron and direct current: experimental results and electron competition model. Environ. Geol., 48, 805-817.
Mulligan, C.N., Yong, R.N. and Gibbs, B.F. (2001). Surfactant-enhanced remediation of contaminated soil: a review. Eng. Geol., 60, 371-380.
Naidu, R., Sreedaran, B.R. and Smith, E. (2013). Electroremediation of lead-contaminated kaolinite using cation selective membrane and different electrolyte solutions topical collection on remediation of site contamination. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut., 224(12), 1708-1716.
Ng, Y.S., Sen Gupta, B. and Hashim, M.A. (2015). Effects of operating parameters on the performance of washing-electrokinetic two stage process as soil remediation method for lead removal. Sep. Purif. Technol., 156, 403-413.
Ng, Y.S., Sen Gupta, B. and Hashim, M.A. (2014). Performance Evaluation of Two-Stage Electrokinetic Washing as Soil Remediation Method for Lead Removal using Different Wash Solutions. Electrochim. Acta., 147, 9-18.
Page, M.M. and Page, C.L. (2002). Electroremediation of contaminated soils. J. Environ. Eng. 128(3), 208-219.
Palmer, P.L. (2001). Permeable treatment barriers, in: In situ Treatment Technology, 2nd ed., (Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton).
Park, J.Y., Lee, H.H., Kim, S.J., Lee, Y.J. and Yang, J.W. (2007). Surfactant-enhanced electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from kaolinite. J. Hazard. Mater., 140, 230-236.
Pedersen, K.B., Lejon, T., Jensen, P.E., Ottosen, L.M. (2016). Degradation of oil products in a soil from a Russian Barents hot-spot during electrodialytic remediation. SpringerPlus., 5, (1), 1-10.
Pham, T.D., Shrestha, R.A., Virkutyte, J. and Sillanpää, M. (2009). Combined ultrasonication and electrokinetic remediation for persistent organic removal from contaminated kaolin. Electrochim. Acta., 54, 1403-1407.
Probstein, R.F. and Hicks, R.E. (1993). Removal of Contaminants from Soils by Electric Fields. Science., 260, 498-504.
Ramírez, E.M., Camacho, J.V., Rodrigo, M.A. and Cañizares, P. (2015a). Combination of bioremediation and electrokinetics for the in-situ treatment of diesel polluted soil: A comparison of strategies. Sci. Total. Environ., 533, 307-316.
Ramírez, E.M., Jiménez, C.S., Camacho, J.V., Rodrigo, M.A.R. and Cañizares, P., (2015b), Feasibility of Coupling Permeable Bio-Barriers and Electrokinetics for the Treatment of Diesel Hydrocarbons Polluted Soils. Electrochim. Acta., 181, 192-199.
Reddy, K.R., Chaparro, C., and Saichek, R.E. (2003). Removal of mercury from clayey soils using electrokinetics, J. Environ. Sci. Health A-Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 38, 307-338.
Ren, L., Lu, H., He, L. and Zhang, Y. (2014). Enhanced electrokinetic technologies with oxidization-reduction for organically-contaminated soil remediation. Chem. Eng. J., 247, 111-124.
Saeedi, M., Jamshidi, A., Shariatmadri, N. and Falamaki, A. (2009). An investigation on the efficiency of electro kinetic coupled with carbon active barrier to remediate nickel contaminated Clay, Int. J. Environ. Res., 3(4), 629-636.
Saichek, R.E. and Reddy, K.R. (2005). Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic compounds in soils: A review. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec., 35, 115-192.
Saichek, R.E. and Reddy, K.R. (2003). Effects of system variables on surfactant enhanced electrokinetic removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from clayey soils. Environ. Technol. 24, 503-515.
Shen, Z.M., Zhang, J.D., Qu, L.Y., Dong, Z.Q., Zheng, S.S. and Wang, W.H. (2009). A modified EK method with an I−/I2 lixiviant assisted and approaching cathodes to remedy mercury contaminated field soils. Environ. Geol. 57, 1399-1407.
Shen, Z.M., Chen, X.J., Jia, J.P., Qu, L. and Wang, W.H. (2007). Comparison of electrokinetic soil remediation methods using one fixed anode and approaching anodes. Environ. Pollut., 150, 193-199.
Shin, S.-Y., Park, S.-M. and Baek, K. (2016). Electrokinetic Removal of As from Soil Washing Residue. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut., 227(7), 223-231.
Suzuki, T., Kawai, K., Moribe, M. and Niinae, M. (2014). Recovery of Cr as Cr(III) from Cr(VI)-contaminated kaolinite clay by electrokinetics coupled with a permeable reactive barrier. J. Hazard. Mater., 278, 297-303.
Valdovinos, V., Monroy-Guzmán, F. and Bustos, E. (2016). Electrokinetic removal of radionuclides contained in scintillation liquids absorbed in soil type Phaeozem. J. Environ. Radioact., 162-163, 80-86.
van Cauwenberghe, L. (1997). Electrokinetics: Technology Overview Report. Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Centre., 1-17.
Vane, L.M. and Zang, G.M. (1997). Effect of aqueous phase properties on clay particle zeta potential and electro-osmotic permeability: implications for electrokinetic soil remediation processes. J. Hazard. Mater., 55, 1-22.
Virkutyte, J., Sillanpa, M., and Latostenmaa, P. (2002). Electrokinetic soil remediation- critical overview.Sci. Total. Environ., 289, 97-121.
Wan, C.L., Du, M.A., Lee, D.J., Yang, X., Ma, W.C. and Zheng, L.N. (2011). Electrokinetic remediation and microbial community shift of _-cyclodextrin-dissolved petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 89, 2019-2025.
Wan, J.Z., Yuan, S.H., Chen, J., Li, T.P., Lin, L. and Lu, X.H. (2009). Solubility-enhanced electrokinetic movement of hexachlorobenzene in sediments: a comparison of cosolvent and cyclodextrin. J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 221-226.
Wick, L.Y., Mattle, P.A., Wattiau, P. and Harms, H. (2004). Electrokinetic transport of PAH degrading bacteria in model aquifers and soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4596-4602.
Yeung, A.T. and Gu, Y.Y. (2011). A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 195, 11-29.
Yeung, A., Hhsu, C. and Menon, R.M. (1997). Physicochemical soil _ contaminant interactions during electrokinetic extraction. J. Hazard. Mater., 55, 221-237.
Yuan, S.H., Wan, J.Z. and Lu, X.H. (2007). Electrokinetic movement of multiple chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. J. Environ. Sci., 19, 968-976.
Yuan, S., Tian, M. and Lu, X. (2006). Electrokinetic movement of hexachlorobenzene in clayed soils enhanced by Tween 80 and β-cyclodextrin. J. Hazard. Mater., 137(2), 1218-1225.
Yuan, C. and Weng, C.H. (2004). Remediating ethylbenzene-contaminated clayey soil by a surfactant-aided electrokinetic (SAEK) process. Chemosphere., 57, 225-232.
Zanjani, A.J., Saeedi, M. and Weng, C.H. (2012). An electrokinetic process coupled activated carbon barrier for nickel removal from kaolinite. EnvironmentAsia., 5(2), 28-35.
Zhou, D.M., Cang, L., Alshawabkeh, A.N., Wang, Y.J. and Hao, X.Z. (2006). Pilot-scale electrokinetic treatment of a Cu contaminated red soil, Chemosphere., 63, 964-971.
Zhou, M., Tang, H., Zhu, S., Ge, B., and Hu, J. (2014). EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals co-contaminated soil. Chin. J. Environ. Eng., 8(3), 1197-1202.
Zou, H., Du, W., Ji, M. and Zhu, R. (2016). Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of pyrene-contaminated soil through ph control and rhamnolipid addition. Environ. Eng. Sci., 33 (7), 507-513. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,542 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,444 |