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ارزیابی توانایی کنترل بیولوژیک مخمر Pichia membranaefaciens در برابر بیمارگرهای پوسیدگی خوشۀ انگور Aspergillus tubingensis و Penicillium crustosum | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 5، شماره 1، خرداد 1395، صفحه 97-110 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2016.58932 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعیده رنجبر چهار برج1؛ اکبر شیرزاد* 2؛ مهدی ارزنلو3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پوسیدگی خوشه یکی از بیماریهای مهم انگور است که توسط شماری از قارچهای عامل پوسیدگی انباری از جمله Aspergillus tubingensis و Penicillium crustosum ایجاد میشود. در این تحقیق برخی از سازوکارهای کنترل بیولوژیک دو جدایه از مخمر Pichia membranaefaciens شامل توانایی رقابتی، توانایی تولید سیدروفور و زهرابه (توکسین)، برهمکنش بین یاختههای مخمری با میسلیوم قارچی و توانایی تولید آنزیمهای تجزیه‌کننده در برابر بیمارگرهای قارچی بررسی شد. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی جدایههای مخمر توانایی رقابتی بالایی علیه بیمارگرها در محیط کشت PDA اصلاحی با میزان پایین قند دکستروز نشان دادند. این جدایهها افزون بر بازدارندگی از رشد بیمارگرها در آزمون کشت متقابل با دو میزان متفاوت قند دکستروز، توانایی تولید سیدروفور و زهرابه را هم نشان دادند. نتایج مربوط به بررسی برهمکنشهای بین بیمارگرهای قارچی و مخمرهای آنتاگونیست، نشان داد که یاختههای مخمر در اتصال به میسلیومهای بیمارگرها توانایی بالایی دارند. در ادامۀ این بررسی برهمکنش، توانایی تولید آنزیمهای تجزیه‌کننده توسط جدایهها نیز مشاهده شد. در شرایط انباری میزان آلودگی خوشهها به بیمارگرهای A. tubingensis وP. crustosum توسط جدایۀ P4 بهترتیب 16/49 درصد و 64/62 درصد و توسط P5 بهترتیب 88/44 درصد و 3/50 درصد کاهش داده شدند. بنابر نتایج این تحقیق هر دو جدایه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و انباری قابلیت کنترل بیولوژیک رشد بیمارگرها را دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنزیمهای تجزیه‌کننده؛ سیدروفور؛ زهرابه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the biocontrol ability of Pichia membranaefaciens yeast against Aspergillus tubingensis and Penicillium crustosum causing bunch rot disease in grapes | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saiedeh SaRanjbar-Chaharborj1؛ Akbar Shirzad2؛ Mehdi Arzanlou3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Bunch rot disease is one of the most important diseases of grapes caused by the storage rot fungi such as Aspergillus tubingensis and Penicillium crustosum. In this study, some biocontrol mechanisms of two Pichia membranaefaciens strains such as competitive potential, the siderophore and toxin production capacity, the interactions between yeast cells and fungal hyphae and also the ability of lytic enzymes production against fungal pathogens were investigated. The yeast strains showed higher competitive ability against the pathogens on PDA medium supplied with 4 g of dextrose. The yeast strains could inhibit the growth of the pathogens in dual culture test and also, had the siderophore and toxin production capacity. The results of the assay on the interactions between yeast cells and fungal hyphae demonstrated that yeast cells had a high capability of attaching to the pathogens hyphae. The ability of production of lytic enzymes was observed in yeast strains as well. In storage condition, P4 strain decreased the infection level A. tubingensis and P. crustosum in grapes by 49.16% and 62.64%respectively. This strain could also reduce the infection percentage by 44.88% and 50.3% respectively. The results of this study suggest the biocontrol ability of yeast strains against pathogens growth under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Lytic enzymes, Siderophore, Toxin | ||
| مراجع | ||
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