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تولید روانآب و هدررفت خاک در مراتع با پوشش ضعیف تحت تأثیر تغییر کاربری زمین و جهت شخم | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 47، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 87-98 اصل مقاله (511.05 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2016.57981 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
احسان زرین آبادی1؛ علی رضا واعظی* 2 | ||
1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد فیزیک-حفاظت خاک گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان | ||
2دانشیار بخش فیزیک-حفاظت خاک گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان | ||
چکیده | ||
اگرچه نقش تغییر کاربری زمین و جهت شخم در هدررفت خاک در اراضی مرتعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است لیکن اطلاعات کافی در مورد نقش فعالیتهای بشر در نواحی نیمه خشک به ویژه در ایران موجود نیست. بنابراین این مطالعه به منظور بررسی نقش تغییر کاربری و جهت شخم بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک در مرتعی با پوشش گیاهی ضعیف در شمال غرب ایران در سال 1393 انجام گرفت. به این منظور چهار مرتع ضعیف با شیبهای 6/12، 37/15، 17 و 4/19 درصد انتخاب و شش کرت به ابعاد 3 متر در 10 متر در هر یک در اوایل پاییز 1392 احداث شد. کرتها شامل مرتع با پوشش طبیعی، کشت گندم دیم در جهت موازی با شیب و کشت گندم دیم در جهت عمود بر شیب بودند. در مجموع 24 کرت در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در دو تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میزان روانآب و رسوب ناشی از بارانهای طبیعی طی دوره هشت ماه رشد مورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج تولید روانآب و هدررفت خاک هردو به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر تغییر کاربری قرار گرفت (p < 0.01). با تبدیل کاربری مرتع به کشت گندم دیم، تولید روانآب و هدررفت خاک به ترتیب 13 و 60 برابر افزایش یافت. در کشت موازی شیب نسبت به کشت عمود بر شیب میزان روانآب و هدررفت خاک به ترتیب 5/5 و 35 برابر بیشتر بود. رابطه معنیداری بین درصد شیب و تولید روانآب (R² = 0.98, p < 0.05) و هدررفت خاک (R² = 0.99, p < 0.01) وجود داشت. بهطورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تغییر کاربری مراتع با پوشش ضعیف به زراعت و کشت موازی شیب منجر به تشدید تولید روانآب و هدررفت خاک میگردد. اهمیت موضوع بهویژه در شیبهای بالا بسیار شدیدتر بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
باران طبیعی؛ شخم عمود بر شیب؛ شخم موازی شیب؛ کرت آزمایشی؛ گندم دیم | ||
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