پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,759 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,133,169 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,898,128 |
ارزیابی مقاومت به خشکی در گلابی جنگلی (Pyrus boisseriana Buhse.) | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 69، شماره 1، خرداد 1395، صفحه 97-110 اصل مقاله (1.03 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfwp.2016.57770 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهرداد زرافشار* 1؛ مسلم اکبری نیا2؛ سید محسن حسینی2؛ مهدی رهایی3 | ||
| 1دانشجو دکتری-دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ژرم پلاسم‌های وحشی گونه‌های باغی منابع ارزشمندی هستند که می‌توانند در جنگلداری پایدار مورد توجه قرار بگیرند. در این پژوهش، ژرم‌پلاسم وحشی گلابی (Pyrus boisseriana Buhse.) از یک اکوسیستم جنگلی (جوزک- درکش، خراسان شمالی) جمع آوری و در یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ایی پتانسیل مقاومت آن به خشکی بر اساس پارامترهای فیزیولوژی، رشد و بیوشیمیایی ارزیابی شد. در شرایط گلخانه و با اعمال قطع آبیاری بر نهال‌های شش ماهه، پس از 18 روز علائم پژمردگی برگ ظاهر گردید. با شدت گرفتن خشکی پارامترهای هدایت روزنه‌ایی، فتوستز و تعرق به حداقل مقادیر می‌رسد. کاهش فتوسنتز در طول دوره آزمایش سبب کاهش رشد و میزان برگ‌زایی شده در حالی که بیوماس ریشه و ساقه در مقایسه با نهال‌های شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری نداشت. در انتهای آزمایش پتانسیل آبی برای گیاهان کنترل 66/0- و برای گیاهان تحت تنش خشکی 22/2- مگاپاسکال ثبت شده است. کاهش پتانسیل آبی سبب کاهش محتوای نسبی رطوبت برگ تا حدود 57 درصد و به دنبال آن افزایش نشت الکترولیت تا حدود 45 درصد شده است. محتوی کلروفیل a و b کاهش معنی‌داری نداشته ولی محتوای کارتنوئید افزایش نشان داد. میزان پرولین افزایش معنی‌دار نداشت. در نهایت می‌توان اظهار کرد که گلابی جنگلی توانست با کاهش برخی از فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیک (تبادلات گازی، پتانسیل آبی و محتوای نسبی رطوبت) و افزایش برخی از مولفه‌های آنتی اکسیدانتی (کارتنوئید) یک دوره 18 روزه بدون آبیاری را متحمل شود ولی بدون شک به مطالعات تکمیلی بویژه اعمال خشکی در عرصه و استفاده از آنالیز بیان ژن ها و پروتئین ها برای تصمیم‌گیری کلی نیاز است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکوسیستم طبیعی؛ رنگیزه‌های گیاهی؛ تنش خشکی؛ گلابی جنگلی؛ مکانیسم مقاومت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Drought Resistance of Wild Pear (Pyrus boisseriana Buhse.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehrdad Zarafshar1؛ Moslem Akbarinia2؛ | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Trees are an important source of wild germplasm for sustainable forestry. Wild pear germplasm (Pyrus boisseriana) was collected from a forest ecosystem and resistance potential to drought stress was surveyed in a greenhouse. In six-month seedlings, signs of leaf rolling appeared after 18 days without water (drought simulation). Gas exchange parameters, such as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, decreased with increasing drought over the time. Decreasing net photosynthesis caused negative effects on growth and leaf expansion and caused the seedlings to drop their leaves. In contrast, however, there was no effect of drought on root and shoot biomass, compared to control plants. Mean xylem water potential was -0.66 and -2.22 for control and stressed seedlings respectively. The Xylem water potential led to decreasing of RWC (%) and finally electrolyte leakage increased by 45%. We did not observe any negative effect of drought on chlorophylls a and b, but the carotenoid content increased. We found no increase in the proline content of the stressed plants. Finally, wild pear are able to tolerate drought for about 18 days, by decreasing some physiological parameters (gas exchange, xylem water potential, and relative water content), and by increasing some antioxidant systems like carotenoid . Additional research, but with field populations, and with studies of gene and protein expression, are necessary before wild pear can be used as a source of germplasm. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Wild pear, wild ecosystem, Drought stress, pigments, resistance mechanism | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: synthesis report. In Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Eds. R.K. Pachauri and A. Reisinger. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 pp.
[2]. Cocozza, C., Cherubini, P., Regier, N., Saurer, M., Frey, B., and Tognetti, R. (2010). Early effects of water deficit on two parental clones of Populus nigra grown under different environmental conditions. Functional Plant Biology, 37:244–254.
[3]. Ryan, M. G. (2011). Tree responses to drought. Tree Physiology, 31: 237–239.
[4]. Sheffield, J., and Wood, E. F. (2008). Projected changes in drought occurrence under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenario, IPCC AR4 simulations. Climate Dynamics, 31: 79–105.
[5]. Guo, J., Yang, Y., Wang, G., Yang, L., and Sun, X. (2010). Ecophysiological responses of Abies fabri seedlings to drought stress and nitrogen supply. Physiologia Plantarum, 139: 335–347.
[6]. Blum, A., and Sulivan, C.Y. (1986). The comparative drought resistance of landraces of sorghum and millet from dry and humid regions. Annals of Botany, 57:835-846.
[7]. Khodabandeh, N. (2001). Cereals, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 537 pp.
[8]. Gupta, U. S. (1975). Physiological Aspects of Dry land Farming, Translated by Sarmadnia, Gh. H. and Kucheki, A. Jahad University of Mashhad Press, Mashhad, 424 pp.
[9]. Alizadeh, A., (2008). Principles of Applied Hydrology, University of Emam Reza Press, Mashhad, 941 pp.
[10]. Aghaee Sarbarzeh, M., Rostaee, M., Mohammadi, R., Haghparast, R., and Rajabi, R. (2009). Determination of Drought Tolerant Genotypes in Bread Wheat. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 2(1): 1-23.
[11]. Ganjali, A., Bagheri, A., and Porsa, H. (2010). Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm for drought resistance. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1):183-194
[12]. Ashraf, M., and Karimi, F. (1991). Screening for some cultivar/line of black gram for resistance to water stress. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 68:57-62.
[13]. Vavilov, V. (1994). Origin and geography of cultivated plants. D. Love (translator). Cambridge university press. Cambridge. England, 135 pp.
[14]. Tang, H., Luo, Y., and Liu, C. (2008). Plant regeneration from in vitro leaves of four commercial Pyrus species. Plant Soil Environmental, 54 (4): 140–148.
[15]. Wang, M., Limin, D., and Lanzhu, J.(2002). Effect of soil moisture status on some ecophysiological indexes of dominant tree species in the pine broadleaf forest of Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 21(1): 1-5.
[16]. Yang, M., Pei, B., and Zhidi, Z. (2002). Index analysis on comprehensive judgment of drought resistance ability of white poplar hybrid colons. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 38(6): 36-42.
[17]. Javadi, T., Arzani, K., and Ebrahim Zadeh, H. (2005). Evaluation of soluble carbohydrates and proline in nine Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus seratonia) undr drought stress. Iranian Journal of Biology, 17(4):12-24
[18]. Javadi, T., and Bahramnjad, B. (2011). Relative Water Content and Gas Exchange of Wild Pear Genotypes under Stress Conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2): 223-233.
[19]. Siemens, J. A., and Zwiazek, J. J. (2003). Effects of water deficit stress and recovery on the root water relations of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. Plant Science, 165:113-120.
[20]. Ritchie, G. A., and Hinckley, T. M (1975). The pressure chamber as an instrument for ecological research. Advanvance in Ecological Research, 9: 165-254.
[21]. Martínez, JP., Silva, H., Ledent, J.F., and Pinto, M. (2007). Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 26: 30-38.
[22]. Campos, P. S., Quartin, V., Ramalho, J. C., and Nunes, M. A. (2009). Electrolyte leakage and lipid degradation account for cold sensitivity in leaves of Coffea sp. Plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160: 283–292.
[23]. Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15.
[24]. Bates, L., Waldren, R. P., and Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.
[25]. Chaves, M. M., Maroco, J. P., and Pereira, J. S. (2003). Understanding plant responses to drought—from genes to the whole plant. Functional Plant Biology, 30: 239–264.
[26]. Ingram, J., and Bartels, D. (2003). The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 47: 377–403.
[27]. Hamanishi, E.T., Raj, S., Wilkins, O., Thomas, B.R., Mansfield, S. D., and Plant, A. L. (2010) Intraspecific variation in the Populus balsamifera drought transcriptome. Plant Cell and Enviroment, 33: 1742–1755.
[28]. Wilkinson, S., and Davies, W. J. (2002).ABA-based chemical signalling: the co-ordination of responses to stress in plants. Plant. Cell and Environment, 25:195-210.
[29]. Jones, H. G. (1992). Plants and Microclimate: A Quantitative Approach to Environmental Plant Physiology, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 428 pp.
[30]. Ranjbarfardooei, A., Samson, R., Van Damme P., and Lemeur, R. (2000). Effects of osmotic drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica. Photocynthetica, 38: 443-447.
[31]. Angelopoulos, K., Dichio, B. and Xiloyannis, C. (1996). Inhibition of photosynthesis in olive trees (olea europaea l.) during water stress and rewatering. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47: 1093-1100.
[32]. Diaz-Lopez, L., Gimeno, V., Simon, I., Martinez, V., Rodriguez-Ortega, W. M., and Garcia- Sanchez, F. (2012).Jatropha curcas Seedlings Show a Water Conservation Strategy under Drought Conditions Based on Decreasing Leaf Growth and Stomatal Conductance. Agricultural Water Management, 105: 48–56.
[33]. Sapeta, H., Costa, J. M., Lourenco, T.¸Maroco, J., van der Linde, P., and Oliveira, M. M. (2013). Drought Stress Response in Jatropha curcas: Growth and physiology.Environmental and Experimental Botany, 85:76-84.
[34]. Chaves, M. M., and Oliveira, M. M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: prospects for water-saving agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 2365–2384.
[35]. Boyer, J. S. (1970). Leaf enlargement and metabolic rates in corn, soybean, and sunflower at various leaf water potentials. Plant Physiology, 46: 233–235.
[36]. Hsiao, T. C., and Xu, L. K. (2000). Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to water stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51:1595–1616.
[37]. Arndt, S. K., Clifford, S. C. and Wanek, W. (2001). Physiological and morphotogical adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiology, 21(11): 705-715.
[38]. Diallo, A. T., Samb, P. I., and Roy-Macauley, H. (2001). Water status and stomatal behaviour of cowpea, vigna unguiculata (l.) walp, plants inoculated with two glomus species at low soil moisture levels. European Journal of Soil Biology, 37:187-196.
[39]. Poulos, H. M., Goodale, U. M., and Berlyn, G. P. (2007). Drought response of two mexican oak species, Quercus laceyi and Q. sideroxyla (Fagaceae), in relation to elevational position. American Journal of Botany. 94: 809–818.
[40]. Fu, J., Fry, J., and Haung, B. (2004). Minimum water requirements for four turf grasses in the transition zone. Hortscience, 39:1740-1749.
[41]. Kaiser, W. M. (1987) Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiologia Plantarum, 71:142-144.
[42]. Ober, E. S., Bloa, M. L., Clark, C. J. A., Royal, A., Jaggard, K.W., and Pidgeon, J. D. (2005) Evaluation of physiological traits as indirect selection criteria for drought tolerance insugar beet. Elsevier Science, 10: 231- 249.
[43]. Oneill, P. M., Shanahan, J. F., and Schepers, J. S. (2006). Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Assessments to Differentiate Corn Hybrid Response to Variable Water Conditions, Crop Science. Plant Physiology, 24:1-15.
[44]. Gindaba, J., Rozanov, A., and Negash, L. (2004) Response of seedlings of two eucalyptus and three deciduous tree species from ethiopia to severe water stress. Forest Ecology and Management, 201: 119- 129.
[45]. Hall, A.E. (2005). Crop responses to environment. Translated by M. Kafi., Kamkar, B. and Mahdavi Damghani, A. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, 327 pp.
[46]. Wang, Z., Huang, B., Bonos, S. T., and Meyer, W. (2004). Abscisic acid accumulation in relation to drought tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass. Hortiscience, 39 (5): 1133-1137
[47]. Martin, B., Tauer, C. G., and Lin, R. K. (1999) Carbon isotope discrimination as a tool to improve water-use efficiency in tomato. Crop Science, 39: 1775–1783.
[48]. Oncel, I., Keles, Y., and Ustun, A. S. (2000) Interactive effects of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biochemical compounds in wheat seedlings. Environmental Pollution, 107: 315–320.
[49]. Tarahomi, G., Lahoti, M., and Abasi, F. (2010). Effect of drought stress on variations of soluble sugar chlorophyll and pottasium in Salvia leriifolia benth. The Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences Spring, 3(2):1-7.
[50]. Hashempour, F., Rostami Shahraji, T., Assareh, M.H., and Shariat, A. (2011). Impact of drought stress on some physiological traits in five eucalypt species. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2): 222-233 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,228 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 831 |
||