Hematological responses of Goldfish (Carassiusauratus) to different acute concentrations of Silver Sulfate as a toxicant

Adams, S.M. (2002). Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress. American Fisheries Society. 656 p.
Ahmad, Z. (2011). Acute toxicity and hematological changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caused by diazinon exposure. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10 (63), 13852-13859.
Al-Kahem, H.F. (1995). Behavioral responses and changes in some haematological parameters of the cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to trivalent chromium. J. King. Abdul. Aziz. Univ. Sci., 7,5-13.
Almeida, J.A., Novelli, E.L.B., Dal-Pai Silva, M. and AlvesJunior, R. (2001). Environmental cadmium exposure and metabolic responses of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environ. Pollut., 114, 169-175.
Asharani, P.V., Wu, Y.L., Gong, Z. and Valiyaveettil, S. (2008). Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish models. Nanotechnology, 19(25), 255102.
Banaee, M., Mirvagefei, A.R., Rafei, G.R. and Majazi Amiri, B. (2008).Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentration on blood plasma biochemistry. Int. J. Environ. Res., 2(2), 189-198.
Barton, B.A. (2002). Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integr. Comp. Biol., 42(3), 517-525.
Bat, M., Akbulut, M., Culha, M., Gundogu, A. and Saltimis, H.H. (2000). Effect of Temperature on the Toxicity of Zinc, Copper and Lead to the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex pulex (L., 1758). Turk. J. Zool., 24, 409-415.
Birge, W.J. and Zuiderveen, J.A. (1995). The comparative toxicity of silver to aquatic biota. In Proc. 3rd Argentum Int. Conf. on the Transport, Fate, and Effects of Silver in the Environment, Washington, USA,pp 79-88.
Bols, N.C., Brubacher, J.L., Ganassin, R.C. and Lee, L.E.G. (2001). Ecotoxicology and innate immunity fish. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 25(8-9), 853-873.
Caruso, G., Maricchiolo, G., Micale, V., Genovese, L., Caruso, R. andDenaro, M.G. (2010). Physiological responses to starvation inthe European eel (Anguilla anguilla): effects on haematological, biochemical, non-specific immune parameters andskin structures. Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 36, 71–83
Casillas, E. and Smith, L.S. (1974). Effects of stress on blood coagulation and haematology in rianbow trout exposed to hypoxia. J. Fish. Biol., 6, 379-380.
Coad, B.W. and Abdoli, A. (1993). Exotic fish species in the fresh waters of Iran. Zool. Middle. East., 9(1),65-80.
Davies, P.H., Goetti, J.R. and Sinley, J.R.(1978). Toxicity of silver to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Water Res.,12, 113-117.
Decie, S.I.V. and Lewis, S.M. (1991).Practical Hemotology, 7th Edition. Churchill Livingstone, London/Melbourne/New York.
Di Giulio, R.T. and Hinton, D.E.(2008).The Toxicology of Fishes. CRC Press
Dick, P.T. and Dixon, D.G. (1985). Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmogairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. J. Fish. Biol., 26, 475-481.
Donaldson, E.M. and Dye, H.M. (1975). Corticosteroid concentrations in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exposed to low concentrations of copper. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 32, 533-539.
Eisler, R. (1996). Silver Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service. Report 32; Biological Report 32. 44 p.
Elsaesser, C.F. and Clem, L.W. (1986). Haematological and immunological changes in 

channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. J. Fish. Biol., 28, 511-521.
Erickson, R.J., Brooke, L.T., Kahl, M.D., Venter, F.V., Harting, S.L., Markee, T.P. and Spehar, R.L. (1998). Effects of laboratory test conditions on the toxicity of silver to aquatic organisms. Environ.Toxiclo. Chem., 17(4), 572-578.
Esmaeili, H.R., Teimori, A., Owfi, F., Abbasi, K. and Coad, B.W. (2014).Alien and invasive freshwater fish species in Iran: Diversity, environmental impacts and management. Iran. J. Ichthyol., 1(2), 61-72.
Espelid, S., Lokken, G.B., Steiro, K. and Bogwald, J. (1996). Effects of cortisol and stress on the immune system in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunol.,6, 95-110.
Fabrega, J., Luoma, S.N., Tyler, C.R., Galloway, T.S. and Lead, J.R. (2011). Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ. int., 37(2), 517-531.
Finney, D.(1971). Probit analysis; a statistical treatment of the sigmoid response curve. Cambridge, 256 p.
Ghosh, K. and Banerjee, V. (1993).Alteration in bloodparameters in the fish Heteropneustesfossilis exposed to dimethoate. Environ. Ecol., 11, 979-981.
Holland, M.M., Steven, M. and Gallin, J.I. (1997). Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, edited by Anthony S. Fauci, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Iwama, G.K., Vijayan, M.M., Forsyth, R.B. and Ackerman, P.A.(1999). Heat shock proteinsand physiological stress in fish. Amer. Zool., 39, 901-909.
Khabbazi, M., Harsij, M., Hedayati, S.A., Gholipoor, H., Gerami, M.H. and Ghafari Farsani, H. Effect of CuO nanoparticles on some hematological indices of rainbow troutOncorhynchusmykiss and their potential toxicity. Nanomed. J., 2(1), 67-73.
King, W.V., Hooper, B., Hillsgrove, S., Benton, C. and Berlinsky, D.L. (2005). The use of clove oil, metomidate, tricaine methanesulphonate and 2-phenoxyethanol for inducing anaesthesia and their effect on the cortisol stress response in black sea bass (Centropristis striata L.). Aquac. Res., 36,1442–1449.
Klaassen, C.D., Amdur,M.O. andDoull, J. (1986). Casarett and Doull's toxicology. The basic science of poisons. Third edition. Macmillan, New York. 974 pp.
Larkin, D.J. and Tjeerdema, R.S.(2000). Fate and effects of diazinon. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 166, 49-82.
Lee, D.Y., Fortin, C. and Campbell, P.G. (2005). Contrasting effects of chloride on the toxicity of silver to two green algae, Pseudokirchneriellasubcapitata and Chlamydomonasreinhardtii. Aquat. Toxicoly., 75(2), 127-135.
Lehninger, A.L.(1975). Biochemistry: the molecular basis of cell structure and functions. Worth, New York, 659.
Lima. A.R., Curtis, C., Hammermeister, D.E., Call, D.J. and Felhaber, T.A.(1982).Acute Toxicity of Silver to Selected Fish and Invertebrates. Bul. Environ.Contam. Toxicol., 29(2), 184-189.
Lytle, P.E. (1984). Fate and speciation of silver in publicly owned treatment works. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 3, 21–30.
Martinéz-Porchas, M., Martínez-Córdova, L.R. and Ramos-Enriquez, R.(2009).Cortisol and Glucose: Reliable indicators of fish stress?Panam. J. Aquat.Sci., 4(2), 158-178.
Molinero, A. and Gonzalez, J. (1995). Comparative effects of MS 222 and 2-phenoxyethanol on gilthead sea bream (Sparusaurata L.) during confinement. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A: Comp. Physiol., 111(3), 405-414.
Mukherjee, K.L. (1988).Medical Laboratory Technology. Aprocedure manual for routine diagnostics tests, Vol I., Tata-McGraw- Hill, New Delhi. 48 p.
Nath, R. and Banerjee, V. (1996).Effect of pesticides methylparathion and cypermethrin on the air-breathing fish Heteropneustesfossilis. Environ. Ecol., 14, 163-165.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1993). OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals OECD, Organization for Economic. Paris.
Pandey, S., Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Nagpure, N.S., Srivastava, S.K. and Verma, M.S. (2005). Acute toxicity bioassays of mercuric chloride and malathion on air-breathing fish Channapunctatus (Bloch). Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 61, 114-120.
Purcell, T.W. and Peters, J.J. (1998). Sources of silver in the environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17,539–546.
Rabitto, I.S., Alves Costa, J.R.M., Silva de Assis, H.C., Pelletier, E., Akaishi, F.M., Anjos, A., Randi, M.A. and Oliveira Riberio, C.A. (2005). Effects of dietary Pb (II) and tributyltin on neotropical fish, Hopliasmalabaricus: histopathological and biochemical findings. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 60(2), 147-156.
Ratte, H.T. (1999). Bioaccumulation and toxicity of silver compounds: a review. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18(1), 89-108.

Reid, S.D., Moon, T.W. and Perry, S.F. (1992).Rainbow trout hepatocyte beta-adrenoceptors,catecholamine responsiveness, and effects of cortisol. Am. J. Physiol., 262, 794-799.
Reid, S.G., Bernier, N.J. and Perry, S.F. (1998). The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C., 120, 1-27.
Savari A, Hedayati A, Safahieh A, Movahedinia A. (2011). Characterization of blood cells and hematological parameters of yellowfinsea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) in some creeks of Persian Gulf. World. J. Zool., 6, 26–32.
Shafer, M.M., Overdier, J.T. and Armstrong, D.E. (1998). Removal, partitioning, and fate of silver and other metals in wastewater treatment plants and effluent-receiving streams. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 630–641.
Shahbazi Naserabad, S., Mirvaghefi, A., Gerami, M.H. and Ghafari Farsani, H. (2015). Acute Toxicity and Behavioral Changes of the Gold Fish (Carassiusauratus) Exposed to Malathion and Hinosan. Iran. J. Toxiclo., 8(27), 1203-1208.
Shalaby, A.M. (2001). Protective effect of Ascorbic acidagainst Mercury intoxication in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Egypt. Acad. Soc. Environ. Develop. (DEnvironmental studies), 2(3), 79 – 97.
Shaluei, F., Hedayati, A., Jahanbakhshi, A. and Baghfalaki, M. (2012).Physiological responses of great sturgeon (Husohuso) to different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anesthetic. Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 38, 1627-1634.
Shaw, J.R., Wood, C.M., Birge, W.J. and Hogstrand, C. (1998). Toxicity of silver to the marine teleost (Oligocottusmaculosus): Effects of salinity and ammonia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17(4), 594-600.
Soltani, M., Torabzadeh, N., Soltani, A.(2010). Toxicity of nanosilver suspension (Nanocide) in rainbow trout. First international congress on Aquatic animal health management and disease.
Stoskopf, M.K.(1993).Fish Medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, the University of California. 882 p.
Teles, M., Pacheco, M. and Santos, M.A. (2007). Endocrine and metabolic responses of Anguilla anguilla L. caged in a freshwater-wetland (Patera de Fermentelos-Portugal). Sci. Total.Environ., 372, 562–570
Velíšek, J., Svobodová, Z., Piačková, V. (2005).Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchusmykiss). Acta.Veterinaria. Brno., 74, 139-146.
Verburg van Kemenade, B.M., Nowak, B., Engelsma, M.Y. and Wyets, F.A. (1999). Differential effects of cortisol on apoptosis and proliferation of carp Blymphocytes from head kidney, spleen and blood. Fish. Shellfish. Immunol., 9, 405-415.
Vinodhini, R. andNarayanan, M. (2009). The Impact of heavy metals on the hematological parameters in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 6(1), 23-28
Vosyliene, M.Z. (1996). The effect of long-term exposure to copper on physiological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss. 2. Studies of hematological parameters. Ekologija, 1, 3-6.
Vutkuru, S.S. (2005). Acute effects of Hexavalent chromiumon survival, oxygen consumption, Hematologicalparameters and some biochemical profiles of the IndianMajor Carp, Labeorohita. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public.Health., 2, 456 – 462.
Weber, R.A., Perez-Maceira, J.J., Peleteiro, J.B., GarcIa-Martin, L. and Aldegunde, M. (2011). Effects of acute exposure to 2-phenoxyethanol, clove oil, MS-222, and metomidate on primary and secondary stress responses in Senegalese sole (Soleasenegalensis Kaup 1858). Aquaculture, 321, 108–112.
Wintrobe, M.M. (1978).Clinical Hematology. Kipton, London. Zar, JH. 1974. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ. 260 p.
Witeska, M. and Jezierska, B. (1994). The effect of cadmium and lead on selected blood parameters of common carp. Arch. Pol. Fish.,2, 123-132.
Witeska, M. and Kosciuk, B. (2003). Changes in common carpblood after short-term zinc exposure. Environ. Sci. Pollut.Res., 3, 15 – 24.
Wood, C.M., Playle, R.C. and Hogstrand, C. (1999). Physiology and modeling of mechanisms of silver uptake and toxicity in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18 (1), 71-83.
Wyets, F.A.A., Flikt, G. and Verburg van Kemenade, B.M.L. (1998). Cortisol inhibits apoptosis in carp neutrophilic granulocytes. Dev. Comp. Immunol.,22, 563-572.
Yeo, M.K. and Yoon, J.W. (2009). Comparison of the effects of nano-silver antibacterial coatings andsilver ions on zebrafish embryogenesis. Mol. Cell. Toxicol., 5, 23–31.