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گذار بر دموکراسی از چشم انداز بسیج سیاسی | ||
| مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 71، شماره 0، فروردین 1385 اصل مقاله (1008.16 K) | ||
| نویسنده | ||
حسین بشیریه 
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| چکیده | ||
| این مقاله از دیدگاه نظریه بسیج در راه فهم نظری گذار به دموکراسی می کوشد و درباره وضعیت گذار عوامل وضعیت گذار و اینکه کدام عوامل سبب کشیده شدن وضعیت گذار به دموکراسی می شود بررسی می کند و برای این هدف نیز از جامعه مدنی و جامعه توده ای سخن می گوید مقاله وضعیت گذار را متضمن تحکیم رژیم حاکم از یکسو و احتمال پیدایش رژیم دموکراتیک ازسوی دیگر می داند به شکل گیری گروههای اپوزیسیون در آن پرداخته از لحاظ ساختار رژیم و توزیع منابع قدرت سیاسی نیز بررسی می کند از شواهد تاریخی برای اثبات فرضیه سود می جوید . | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY FROM POLITICAL MOBILIZATION PERSPECTIVE | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Our objective in this article is to explain democratic transitions by employing some concepts from the theory of mobilization, especially the notion of "transitional Situations". From such a theoretical perspective three major questions arise: 1) what constitutes a transitional situation as distinct from a non-transitional one? 2) How is a transitional situation brought about? 3) More importantly, what factors lead the transitional situation to a democratic outcome rather than to a non-democratic one? Thus a transitional situation may end up in the reconsolidation of the existing authoritarian regime, in the establishment of another undemocratic one or in the rise of a democracy. To answer the last question, three factors will be taken into account: 1) the social conditions of mobilization in the transitional situation; i.e. what type of social conditions- in terms of the civil society and mass society debate- will push the transitional situation towards a democratic alternative? 2) the agents of political mobilization in the transitional situation; i.e. what type of oposition forces are active and how do democratic opposition groups weigh against nondemocratic ones? 3) the political conditions of mobilization in the transitional situation in terms of the structure of the regime, the unity or internal conflicts of the ruling elites and the likelihood of its demise or persistence through time. To empirically support the argument we will examind some evidence in relation to transitions from communism in East Europe and Central Asia. The variety of regimes emerging after the transitions in the 27 countries once forming the Republics of Soviet Union and its satelite states has provoked much sociological thought as to the causes of the different outcomes. We have tried to present an explanation of the different paths and outcomes of the transitions in terms of the three major variables mentioned above. | ||
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