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حاکمیت قانون در جامعه مدنی توماس هابس | ||
| مجله دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی(منتشر نمی شود) | ||
| مقاله 10، 145-141، شماره 141 - شماره پیاپی 998، زمستان 1376 اصل مقاله (665.26 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
دکتر امیر آشفته تهرانی؛ دکتر مسعود امیر مظاهری 
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| چکیده | ||
| در سالهای 1650-1600 میلادی دو رویداد بزرگ در دانش و روش شناسی در اروپا پدید آمدکه بر دانشمندان و اندیشه ورزان سراسر جهان خاکی کارساز افتاد .نخستین رویداد همانا تحول دانش طبیعی و سپهرشناسی بود که به وسیله گالیله کپلر‘کوپرنیک و چند تن دانشمند دیگر صورت گرفت و موجب آن شد که گمان دیرینه و پندارآمیز و کیفی از جهان مادی‘به یک گمان کاملاً کمی ومقداری تبدیل شود. بنا به این دگرگونی که در فرضیه های علمی پدید آمد و بنا به اصل ریاضی گالیله‘ذرات جهان هستی با دقت بسیار زیاد ریاضی و برابر قانون های قطعی و تغییر ناپذیر دانش مکانیک در حالت جنبش و پویایی اند و پویایی خود را بی درنگ و بدون وقفه پی می گیرند و ادامه میدهند. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
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| چکیده [English] | ||
| Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher was born in England in 1588 at Westport near Malmesbury. He graduated from Oxford in 1608 and became the tutor of the Earl of Devonshire,William Cavendish. In this position he traveled with the Cavendish family extensivly on the continent, where he met leading thinkers of the day,inc1uding Galileo and Gassendi. He was greatly int1uenced by them. Hobbes designed a Natural philosophy based on the law of motion. "De Corpore" concerning Body, "De Homine" concerning Man, "De Cive" concerning the citizen and influential book "Leviathan" are a series of books. In England he was much admired by Sir Francis Bacon. Hobbes describes men as they appear in what he calls the State of Nature,which is the condition of men before there is any state or civil society. In this state of nature, all men are equal and equally have the right to whatever they consider necessary for their survival. "Equality"here means that anyone is capable of hurting his neighbor for his own protect-ionThe word "right", in discussion of the "right of all to all", in the bare state of nature is a man's freedom "to do what he would" and against whom he throught, fit, and to possess ,use and enjoy all that he would, or could get." Hobbes affirmed i,n a notable passage: "To the care of the government( sovereign) belongeth the making of good law?" He gives two reasons for saying no law can be unjust: because justice means obeying the law, and this is why justice comes into being only after a law has been made; second, when a government (sovereign) make a law, it is as thought the people were making the law. In his political theory Hobbes ana lysed the conditions necessary for peace and security and, in his version of the social | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,602 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 800 |
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