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پاسخ ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک به خاکورزی و زیرشکنی در کشت گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 57، شماره 4، تیر 1405، صفحه 949-970 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2026.412016.670139 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی بهشتی آل آقا* 1؛ حمیدرضا چقازردی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سامانههای مختلف خاکورزی، زیرشکنی و حضور یا عدم حضور گیاه بر برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت کرتهای دوبار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل سه سامانه خاکورزی مرسوم، خاکورزی کاهشی و بیخاکورزی، دو سطح زیرشکنی و بدون زیرشکنی، و دو سطح کشت گلرنگ و بدون کشت گیاه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مدیریت خاکورزی تأثیر معنیداری بر تعدادی از شاخصهای مورد بررسی داشت، بهطوریکه سامانههای بیخاکورزی و خاکورزی کاهشی در مقایسه با خاکورزی مرسوم شرایط مطلوبتری را برای حفظ برخی شاخصهای کیفیت خاک فراهم کردند. در این سامانهها، کاهش اختلال مکانیکی، حفظ بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک و بهبود پایداری ساختمان خاک با افزایش ماده آلی، کربن آلی و کربن زیستتوده میکروبی همراه بود. اگرچه بیشترین تنفس پایه میکروبی خاک در تیمار خاکورزی مرسوم مشاهده شد، این افزایش لزوماً نشاندهنده بهبود کیفیت زیستی خاک نیست و احتمالاً ناشی از افزایش هوادهی، برهمخوردن خاک و تسریع معدنیشدن ماده آلی در این سامانه است. در مقابل، مقادیر بیشتر کربن زیستتوده میکروبی و کربن آلی در سامانههای حفاظتی نشاندهنده فراهم شدن شرایط نسبتاً پایدارتر برای نگهداری کربن و فعالیت زیستی خاک بود. همچنین حضور گلرنگ از طریق ترشحات ریشهای، بقایای گیاهی و برهمکنش با شرایط فیزیکی خاک در بهبود برخی شاخصهای زیستی نقش داشت. اثر زیرشکن نیز بسته به نوع سامانه خاکورزی متفاوت بود و در برخی موارد از طریق تغییر شرایط فیزیکی خاک بر فعالیت میکروبی اثر گذاشت. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در شرایط این آزمایش، سامانههای خاکورزی حفاظتی، بهویژه بیخاکورزی، میتوانند در کوتاهمدت نقش مؤثری در حفظ یا بهبود برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک داشته باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بیخاکورزی؛ خاکورزی حفاظتی؛ زیرشکن؛ کیفیت خاک؛ گلرنگ | ||
| مراجع | ||
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