بنیاد شخصیت حقوقی انسان و امکان‌سنجی شمول آن بر حیوانات

References

Almasi, N,. & Jalili, M, J. (2023). Comparison of Real and Legal Personality with Virtual Personality from a Moral Perspective in Iranian Law. Ethics in Science and Technology; 17 (4),1-8, URL: http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-2835-fa.html (Accessed22Mey2026). [In Persian]

Bharti, A., & Kaur, G. (2024). Legal Personhood Of Artificial Intelligence: A Contemporary Perspective On Juristic & Electronic Personality. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(5), 10395-10400, http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4755

Bishop, P. (2007). Analytical Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics": Goethe, Schiller, and Jung, Vol. 1, The Development of the Personality. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960882.

Cruft, R (2013). Symposium on Rights and the Direction of Duties Introduction. Ethics 123(2) 195-201,

    https://doi.org/10.1086/668796

Doomen, J. (2023). The Artificial Intelligence Entity As a Legal Person. Information & Communications Technology Law, 32(3),1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2023.2196827

Dremliuga, R., Pavel, K., & Mamychev, A. (2019). Criteria for Recognition of AI as a Legal Person. Canadian Center of Science and Education Journal of Politics and Law, 12(3):105-105, http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n3p105.

Edfast, E. (2022). Sentient Objects — A Theoretical Analysis of the Potential of Animals as Legal Subjects. Department of Law, University of Gothenburg Master of Laws Programme.

Elvia, A. Q. A. (2015). The Natural Person, Legal Entity or Juridical Person and Juridical Personality. Penn State Journal of Law & InternationalAffairsAffairs, 4(1), 363-391,

https://insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/jlia/vol4/iss1/17 (Accessed 22 Mey 2026)

Favre, D. (2024). LAW Should Nonhuman Animals Be Recognized Legally as Persons?. AMA Journal of Ethics, 26(9), 696-700, https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.696

Fischer-Lescano, A. (2020). Nature as a Legal Person: Proxy Constellations in Law. Law & Literature, 32(2), 237-262, https://doi.org/10.1080/1535685X.2020.1763596

Jafaritabar, H. (2023). Soul-like Law On the joint essence of rights between human beings, animals, and robots. Society, Development and Commercial Law review, 1(1), 52-65. 

https://journals.ut.ac.ir/article_91288.html   (Accessed 22 Mey              2026)

Gray, J. (1997). The Nature and Sources of the Law, The Macmilan Company.

Griffin, J. (2008). On Human Rights. (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

Hermansson, J. (2023). Structuring concepts of legal personhood On legal personhood as a cluster property. Revus - Journal for constitutional theory and philosophy of law, 51, https://doi.org/10.4000/revus.9933

Horsman, Y, Korsten, (2016). Introduction: Legal Bodies: Corpus /Persona /Communitas. Law & Literature. 28 (3), 277–285, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1535685X.2016.1232924

Jane Kotzmann, J., Stonebridge, M., & Christiaenssen, P. (2023). Evolving Conceptions of Legal Personhood: What might Recent Legal Developments Herald for Non-human Animals in Australia?, UNSW Law Journal, 46(2), 347-380,

     https://doi.org/10.53637/dktu6447

Katherine, S. (2018). Beyond Human Ownership’? Property, Power and Legal Personality for Nature in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journal of Environmental Law ,30 (1), 207-234, 

https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqx029

Katouzian, N. (1992). General Rules of Contracts, Tehran,Enteshar Publication. [In Persian]

Khoshyari Hajibaba R., & Majdi A. (2013). The Protection of Animals by Iranian Law and International Documents. Medical Law Journal; 7 (26), 171-192, http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-167-fa.html (Accessed22Mey2026). [In Persian]

Kramer, MH. (2013). Some Doubts About Alternatives to the Interest Theory of Rights. Ethics, The University of Chicago Press,  123(2), 245-263, https://doi.org/10.1086/668705.

Kurki,V. (2023). Legal Personhood. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Helsinki Legal Studies Research Paper No. 82 , (Accessed 22 Mey 2026) https://ssrn.com/abstract=4669283

Kurki, V. (2017). Why Things Can Hold Rights: Reconceptualizing the Legal Person. In Book: Legal Personhood: Animals, Artificial Intelligence and the Unborn, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53462-6.

Kurki, V. (2021). Legal Personhood and Animal Rights. Journal of Animal Ethics. 11(1), 47–62,

https://doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.11.1.0047

Luhmann, N. (1995). Social Systems. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,

MacCormick, N. (1988). Persons as Institutional Facts in Ota Weinberger and Werner Krawietz (eds), Reine Rechtslehre im Spiegel ihrer Fortsetzer und Kritiker 371.

MacDonald Glenn, L. (2018). What Is a Person In book: Posthumanism: the Future of Homo SapiensMacmillan Reference USA, 229-246

 Mashhadi, A., & Keshavarz, E. (2013). Reflections on Philiosophical Fundations of Right to Healthy Environment. The Journal of Islamic Law Research, 13(2), 47-70. 

    doi: 10.30497/law.2013.1460. [In Persian]

Momin, S. (2025). Ascertaining the Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 8 (2), 5529-5548,

   https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.119609

Mozafari, K., & Mirshekari, A. (2017). Harm to corpus of deads. Law Quarterly, 47(2), 363-378.  

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlq.2017.62620  [In Persian]

Mouss, M. (1985). A category of the human mind the notion of person the notion of self. in book Category of the Person. Cambridge University Press

Musazadeh, R. (2005). Administrative Law. Tehran: Mizan. [In Persian]

 Naffine, N. (2009). Law’s Meaning of Life: Philosophy, Religion, Darwin and the Legal Person. Hart Publishing

Nieswandt, K. (2019). Authority and Interest in the Theory of Right. In Toh Kevin, Plunkett David & Shapiro Scott, Dimensions of Normativity: New Essays on Metaethics and Jurisprudence. New York: 315-334.

Pranshu, P. (2020). A Study of Animals as Legal Persons. Indraprastha Law Review, 1(1), 1-10  https://indraprasthalawreview.in/archives (Accessed 22 Mey 2026)

 Pietrzykowski, T. (2017). The Idea of Non-personal Subjects of Law. In Book: Legal Personhood: Animals, Artificial Intelligence and the Unborn, Visa Kurki and Tomasz Pietrzykowski (eds.), 49–67, 51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53462-6_4

Preda, A. (2012).  Group Rights and Group Agency. Journal of Moral Philosophy, l61(2), 250-266

http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552412X625736  

Ramazani Ghavamabadi, M. H. (2009). The Protection of Animal Species under Criminal Law in Iran. Advanced Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 77-94, https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_95730  (Accessed 22Mey 2026).

Regad, C., & Riot, C. (2024). Animal law in France: Positive law, prospective law and learning the law of the living. Journal of Animal Law, Ethics and One Health (LEOH),(2024),  24-34.

Safai, S. H., & Qasemzadeh, S. M. (2006). Civil Law, Persons and Persons Under Legal Incapacity. Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian]

Simmler, M., & Markwalder, N. (2019). Guilty Robots? – Rethinking the Nature of Culpability and Legal Personhood in an Age of Artificial Intelligence. Criminal Law Forum, 30(1), 1-31.  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10609-018-9360-0  (Accessed 22 Mey 2026)

 Shahbazi, A. (2011). Animals rights:Tamil in theory and behavior. Public Law Researsh, 14(36), 27-56. https://qjpl.atu.ac.ir/article_2409.html?lang=fa  )Accessed 22 Mey 2026( [In Persian]

Singer, P. (1990). Animal Liberation. 2nd ed. London: Jonathan Cape,

Spaak,T (2021). Animal Law: Human Duties or Animal Rights?    Scandinavian Studies in Law. (67), 225– 254

https://scandinavianlaw.se/pdf/-  (Accessed 22 Mey 2026)

Stucki, S. (2020). Towards a Theory of Legal Animal Rights: Simple and Fundamental Rights, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 40(3), Autumn, 533–560, https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa007

Tur R (1987). The “Person” in Law’ in book: Arthur Peacocke and Grant Gillett (eds) Persons and Personality: A Contemporary Inquiry (Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Walter, W. H, (1916). The Prosecution and Punishment of Animals and Lifeless Things in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 64(7), 696-730, https://doi.org/10.2307/3313677 

Wen Z W, Tong D (2023). Analysis of the Legal Subject Status of Artificial Intelligence. Beijing Law Review, 14, 74-86, https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.141004

ŽGUR, M. (2017). Legal Exclusionism: Legal Personhood Between The Erassure and The Rule of Law. Universitat de Girona.