پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 127 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 7,196 |
| تعداد مقالات | 77,227 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 157,191,698 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 118,391,247 |
Web Accessibility Compliance of Saudi Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Automated Evaluation using A Checker, TAW, and WAVE | ||
| Journal of Information Technology Management | ||
| دوره 18، شماره 2، 2026، صفحه 77-99 اصل مقاله (1.95 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jitm.2026.107169 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Nadia Al-Ghreimil* ؛ Duaa AlSaeed؛ Heyam H. Al-Baity؛ Fatimah Almohaimeed | ||
| College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study aims to evaluate the compliance of 44 Saudi university websites with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The analysis was conducted by evaluating the homepages of 44 Saudi university websites against the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The evaluation was based on the four core accessibility principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Ro-bust (POUR)—and assessed across three conformance levels: A, AA, and AAA. The adopted ap-proach was to use three automated heuristic evaluation tools, namely, A Checker, TAW, and WAVE. The results of the study showed that all evaluated websites failed to comply with the WCAG guide-lines, with major violations found at level A in the Perceivable and Operable principles. It also showed wide variability in issues detected by the three tools. A large number of issues are related to missing alternative text for images or fields, as well as color contrast errors. The findings suggest that Saudi university websites are not accessible to individuals with disabilities, which limits their ability to access educational content and services. A substantial proportion of the identified accessi-bility issues could be addressed by providing appropriate alternative text and labels, as well as im-proving color contrast. Additional improvements include ensuring the proper semantic use of empha-sis and strong tags instead of relying solely on italic and bold formatting. Furthermore, using multi-ple tools in the evaluation can highlight different issues, but additional expert opinions are needed. This study can be beneficial for future improvements in the accessibility of Saudi university web-sites and contribute to a more inclusive web environment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Accessibility؛ Usability؛ Heuristic Evaluation؛ Universities websites؛ Arabic Interfac-es؛ Visual Impairment؛ inclusive education | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
A measurable website usability model: Case study University of Jordan. (n.d.). Semantic Scholar. semanticscholar.org
Akgül, Y. (2021). Accessibility, usability, quality performance, and readability evaluation of university websites of Turkey: A comparative study of state and private universities. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1). doi.org
Alismail, S., & Chipidza, W. (2021). Accessibility evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine registration websites across the United States. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 28(9). doi.org
AlMeraj, Z., Boujarwah, F., Alhuwail, D., & Qadri, R. (2021). Evaluating the accessibility of higher education institution websites in the State of Kuwait: Empirical evidence. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 121–138. doi.org
Alotaibi, H., Alshammari, A., Alotaibi, A., & Alghamdi, A. (2020). Accessibility evaluation of Saudi e-government systems for teachers: A visually impaired user’s perspective. Applied Sciences, 10(21), Article 7528. doi.org
Al-Sakran, H. O., & Alsudairi, M. A. (2021). Usability and accessibility assessment of Saudi Arabia mobile e-government websites. IEEE Access, 9, 48254–48275. doi.org
Exploring the website accessibility of Romanian universities. (n.d.). ProQuest. proquest.com
Hassan, A., Abd El Aziz, R., & Hamza, M. (2021). Internet banking accessibility: The social and financial exclusion of people with visual disability. In 2021 31st International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA) (pp. 59–65). IEEE. doi.org
ISO. (2016). Ergonomics of human-system interaction—Part 161: Guidance on visual user-interface elements (ISO Standard No. 9241-161:2016). iso.org
Macakoğlu, Ş. S., & Peker, S. (2022). Accessibility evaluation of university hospital websites in Turkey. Universal Access in the Information Society, 1–9. doi.org
Roy, S., Pattnaik, P. K., & Mall, R. (2014). A quantitative approach to evaluate usability of academic websites based on human perception. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 15(3), 159–167. doi.org
Sierkowski, B. (2002). Achieving web accessibility. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM SIGUCCS Conference on User Services (pp. 288–291). Association for Computing Machinery. doi.org
Vigo, M., Brown, J., & Conway, V. (2013). Benchmarking web accessibility evaluation tools: Measuring the harm of sole reliance on automated tests. In Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A ’13) (Article 1). ACM Press. doi.org
Yi, Y. J. (2020). Web accessibility of healthcare websites of Korean government and public agencies: A user test for persons with visual impairment. Universal Access in the Information Society, 19(1). doi.org
Zarish, S. S., Habib, S., & Islam, M. (2019). Analyzing usability of educational websites using automated tools. In 2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. doi.org | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 99 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 81 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب