مدلسازی مکانی-زمانی انتشار محلی مونوکسیدکربن ناشی از ترافیک با استفاده از مدل GRAL در محیط‌ شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: خیابان کارگرشمالی، تهران)

   Alesheikh, A. A., Gharagozlu, A., & Sajadian, M. (2012). Study of air pollution resulting from the transportation traffic in Tehran metropolis by using LUR model combined with GIS and emission factors. Geographical Journal of Chashmandaz-e-Zagros, 4(11), 143-158. https://sid.ir/paper/175656/en [in Persian] 

Bakhshizadeh, F., Rezayan, H., & Akbary, M. (2015). 3D spatio-temporal modeling of NOx air pollution of vehicular traffic in Vali-e-Asr and Fatemi Streets intersection, Tehran city. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 2(1), 43-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jsaeh.2.1.43 [in Persian]  

Baik, J. J., & Kim, J. J. (2002). On the escape of pollutants from urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 527-536.  

Berchet, A., Zink, K., Oettl, D., Brunner, J., Emmenegger, L., & Brunner, D. (2017). Evaluation of high-resolution GRAMM-GRAL (v15.12/v14.8) NOx simulations over the city of Zürich, Switzerland. Geoscientific Model Development, 10(9), 3441-3459. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3441-2017.

Buccolieri, R., Sandberg, M., & Di Sabatino, S. (2010). City breathability and its link to pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries. Atmospheric Environment, 44(15), 1894-1903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.022.

Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T., & Carmeliet, J. (2007). CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: Wall function problems. Atmospheric Environment, 41(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.019.

Britter, R. E., & Hanna, S. R. (2003). Flow and dispersion in urban areas. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 35, 469-496. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161147.

Department of Transportation & Traffic Organization of Tehran Municipality and Fuel, Combustion and Pollution Research Center. (2015). The hot exhaust pollution emission factors for petrol cars manufactured domestically based on pollutant standard Euro-2. Sharif University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department. [in Persian]

El-Harbawi, M. (2013). Air quality modelling, simulation, and computational methods: a review. Environmental Reviews, 21(3), 149-179. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0056.

Gertler, A. W., Koracin, D. R., Koracin, J., Lewis, J. M., Luria, M., Sagebiel, J. C., & Stockwell, W. R. (2004). Development and Validation of a Predictive Model to Assess the Impact of Coastal Operations on Urban Scale Air Quality. In: Borrego, C., Incecik, S. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XVI. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8867-6_69.  

Gianquintieri, L., Oxoli, D., Caiani, E. G., & Brovelli, M. A. (2024). State-of-art in modelling particulate matter (PM) concentration: A scoping review of aims and methods. Environmental Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04781-5.

GRAL, (2020), GRAL-Graz Lagrangian Model. Documentation and User Guides. Available online: https://gral.tugraz.at/index.php/files/category/3-documentation-and-user-guides (accessed 28 November 2020). 

Hang, J., Li, Y., Sandberg, M., Buccolieri, R., & Di Sabatino, S. (2012). The influence of building height variability on pollutant dispersion and pedestrian ventilation in idealized high-rise urban areas. Building and Environment, 56, 346-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.023.

Heidari Asl, S., Moradi, H., & Soleimani, M. (2021). Modeling of air particulate matter in the city of Isfahan with the use of IDW and Cokriging methods. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 23(6), 187-200. [in Persian] 

Karimi, M., Khosnavaz, S., Shamsipour, A., & Moghbel, M. (2020). Modeling the effect of street orientation on the air pollution dispersion (District Six of Tehran Municipality). Motaleate Shahri, 9(34), 77-90. [in Persian]

Katharopoulos, A., Galmarini, S., & Schmidli, J. (2022). Lagrangian particle dispersion models in the grey zone of turbulence: Adaptations to FLEXPART COSMO for simulations at 1 km grid resolution. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 184, 241-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-022-00728-3.

Kahl, J. D., & Chapman, H. L. (2018). Atmospheric stability characterization using the Pasquill method: A critical evaluation. Atmospheric Environment, 187, 196-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.058.

Kianmehr, A., & Bahrainy, H. (2016). The effect of wind direction and speed on ventilation and pollutant concentrations in street canyons. Advanced Environmental Sciences, 14(2), 97-108. https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97719.html?lang=en [in Persian]

Lazić, L., Pejanović, G., & Živković, M. (2010). Wind forecasts for wind power generation using the Eta model. Renewable Energy, 35(6), 1236-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.10.028.

Lee, C.-H., Lung, S.-C. C., & Chen, J.-P. (2023). Three-dimensional spatial inhomogeneity of traffic-generated urban PM2.5 in street canyons. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 14(5), 101748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101748.

Ling, H., Lung, S.-C. C., & Uhrner, U. (2020). Micro-scale particle simulation and traffic-related particle exposure assessment in an Asian residential community. Environmental Pollution, 266, 115046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115046.

Liu, W., Ling, X., Xue, Y., Wu, S., Gao, J., Zhao, L., & He, B. (2024). Study on the concentration of top air pollutants in Xuzhou city in winter 2020 based on the WRF-Chem and ADMS-Urban models. Atmosphere, 15(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010129.

Moayyedi, M. K., & Talab, V. A. (2021). Modeling of turbulent atmospheric boundary layer and dispersion of solid pollutant particles in an urban area using large eddy simulation. Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 53(5), 2839-2856. https://doi.org/10.22060/mej.2020.17685.6656 [in Persian]

Oettl, D. (2015). Evaluation of the revised Lagrangian particle model GRAL against wind-tunnel and field observations in the presence of obstacles. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 155(2), 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9993-4.

Oettl, D., & Uhrner, U. (2011). Development and evaluation of GRAL-C dispersion model, a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach capturing NO-NO2-O3 chemistry. Atmospheric Environment, 45(4), 839-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.028.

Pantusheva, M., Mitkov, R., Hristov, P. O., & Petrova-Antonova, D. (2022). Air pollution dispersion modelling in urban environment using CFD: A systematic review. Atmosphere, 13(10), 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101640.

Ruda Sarria, F., Guerrero Delgado, M., Monge Palma, R., Palomo Amores, T., Sánchez Ramos, J., & Álvarez Domínguez, S. (2025). Modelling pollutant dispersion in urban canyons to enhance air quality and urban planning. Applied Sciences, 15(4), 1752. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041752.   

Shafiepor, M., & Kamalan, H. (2005). Air quality deterioration in Tehran due to motorcycles. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2(3), 145-152. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/9094.

Srivastava, A., & Rao, B. P. S. (2011). Urban air pollution modeling. In Air Quality-Models and Applications (p. 364). https://doi.org/10.5772/16776.

Soulhac, L., Salizzoni, P., Cierco, F. X., & Perkins, R. (2011). The model SIRANE for atmospheric urban pollutant dispersion; Part I, presentation of the model. Atmospheric Environment, 45(39), 7379-7395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.008

Tehran Air Quality Control Company. (1400). Annual report on Tehran air quality. [in Persian]

Vardoulakis, S., Fisher, B. E. A., Pericleous, K., & Gonzalez-Flesca, N. (2003). Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric Environment, 37(2), 155-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00857-9.

Willmott, C. J., & Matsuura, K. (2005). Advantages of the mean absolute error (MAE) over the root mean square error (RMSE) in assessing average model performance. Climate Research, 30(1), 79-82. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr030079.

Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Huang, R., Wang, J., Yan, H., Zheng, Y., & Hao, J. (2016). High-resolution simulation of link-level vehicle emissions and concentrations for air pollutants in a traffic-populated eastern Asian city. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(15), 9965-9981. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9965-2016.  

Zhang, Z., & Chen, Q. (2007). Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces. Atmospheric Environment, 41(25), 5236-5248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.086.