پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 127 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 7,196 |
| تعداد مقالات | 77,227 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 157,223,015 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 118,406,278 |
Transformative Environmental Governance for Addressing Wicked Problems in the Iranian Context: Institutional and Policy Dynamics in Tehran | ||
| Pollution | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، مرداد 2026، صفحه 614-625 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2026.409102.3260 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Amirali Boroumand؛ Mohammad Javad Amiri* ؛ Esmail Salehi | ||
| Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Air pollution in the Tehran megacity constitutes a persistent and politically contested environmental wicked problem in the Middle East, marked by uncertainty, multi-scalar causality, and entrenched institutional and political–economic lock-ins. Despite decades of regulatory reforms and technological upgrading, air quality outcomes remain unstable, revealing structural limitations of centralized, command-and-control governance. Fragmented sectoral mandates, weak inter-organizational coordination, selective enforcement, and limited collective learning capacity have constrained responses to the nonlinear and conflictual dynamics of urban pollution. This qualitative case study examines how a transformative environmental governance framework clarifies the institutional, cognitive, and relational conditions required to confront such intractable challenges under constrained political openness and asymmetric power relations. Drawing on systematic analysis of policy and legal documents, semi-structured interviews with governmental, municipal, scientific, and civil-society actors, and policy process tracing, the study reconstructs the evolution of Tehran’s air pollution regime. It identifies structural barriers, path dependencies, regime-stabilizing incentives, and power asymmetries that sustain policy inertia. Findings reveal four interdependent yet politically contingent leverage points: adaptive institutional redesign to strengthen cross-sectoral integration; multi-actor co-production across state, municipal, market, and civil domains; reflexive social learning to harmonize problem framings across scales; and anticipatory policy innovation grounded in foresight and precaution. However, these mechanisms remain fragile due to centralized authority, energy subsidy regimes, and protection of regime-affiliated economic interests. The article proposes a conditionally transferable model of transformative environmental governance, specifying enabling conditions and structurally reinforced failure dynamics, and outlining politically feasible strategies for metropolitan air quality reform in restrictive political contexts. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Urban Environmental Management؛ Wicked Problems؛ Social Learning؛ Megacity Sustainability؛ Polycentric Governance | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aleksandrovich, R. B., Levanovich, A. S., & John, S. G. (2016). Air pollution and public health in a megalopolis: a case study of Moscow. Экономика региона, 12(4), 1069-1078. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/air-pollution-and-public-health-in-a-megalopolis-a-case-study-of-moscow Alizadeh-Choobari, O., Bidokhti, A. A., Ghafarian, P., & Najafi, M. S. (2016). Temporal and spatial variations of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the urban area of Tehran. Atmospheric Environment, 141, 443-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.003 Attiq, A. B. , Nawaz, R. , Irshad, M. Atif , Nasim, I. , Nasim, M. , Latif, M. , Shah, S. I. Hussain & Fatima, A. (2024). Urban Air Quality Nexus: PM2.5 Bound-Heavy Metals and their Alarming Implication for Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. Pollution, 10(1), 580-594. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2023.366254.2091 Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., & Schoon, M. L. (Eds.). (2015). Principles for building resilience: sustaining ecosystem services in social-ecological systems. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316014240 Elansky, N. F., Ponomarev, N. A., & Verevkin, Y. M. (2018). Air quality and pollutant emissions in the Moscow megacity in 2005–2014. Atmospheric Environment, 175, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.057 Evans, J., Karvonen, A., & Raven, R. (2016). The experimental city: New modes and prospects of urban transformation. In The experimental city (pp. 1-12). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315719825 Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A. V., Reyers, B., & Rockström, J. (2016). Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society, 21(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269981 Ghahremanlou, A., & Ghahremanlou, D. (2025). Identifying the causes of air pollution in the Tehran Metropolis-Iran and policy recommendations for sustainability. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-025-00303-6 Ghanem, S., Ferrini, S., & Di Maria, C. (2023). Air pollution and willingness to pay for health risk reductions in Egypt: A contingent valuation survey of Greater Cairo and Alexandria households. World Development, 172, 106373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106373 Head, B. W. (2023). Wicked problems in public policy. In Encyclopedia of public policy (pp. 1-8). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90434-0_43-1 Jordan, A., Huitema, D., Van Asselt, H., Asselt, H. D., & Forster, J. (Eds.). (2018). Governing climate change: Polycentricity in action?. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108284646 Lemos, M. C., & Agrawal, A. (2006). Environmental governance. Annual review of environment and resources, 31(2006), 297-325. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.31.042605.135621 Li, X., Yang, X., Wei, Q., & Zhang, B. (2019). Authoritarian environmentalism and environmental policy implementation in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 145, 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.02.011 Meadowcroft, J. (2013). Who is in charge here? Governance for sustainable development in a complex world. In Governance for sustainable development (pp. 107-122). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315876702 Molina, L. T., Velasco, E., Retama, A., & Zavala, M. (2019). Experience from integrated air quality management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore. Atmosphere, 10(9), 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090512 Nadrian, H., & Pirehbabi, K. (2025). Urban road traffic, public health, and urban quality of life: the case of Iran. In Handbook on Transport in Asia (pp. 543-568). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035309245.00035 Nasehi, S. & Nohegar, A. (2025). Analyzing the relationship between spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations and land cover over Iran. Pollution, 11(2), 246-260. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2024.377267.2399 Pahl-Wostl, C. (2009). A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Global environmental change, 19(3), 354-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.06.001 Pahl-Wostl, C., Holtz, G., Kastens, B., & Knieper, C. (2010). Analyzing complex water governance regimes: the management and transition framework. Environmental science & policy, 13(7), 571-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.08.006 Qu, W., Hua, H., Yang, T., Zohner, C. M., Peñuelas, J., Wei, J., ... & Wu, C. (2025). Delayed leaf green-up is associated with fine particulate air pollution in China. Nature Communications, 16(1), 3406. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58710-9 Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy sciences, 4(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730 Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel, J. A. (2019). Management of air pollution in Mexico. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(3), 578-592. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-05-2018-0099 Taghizadeh, F., Mokhtarani, B., & Rahmanian, N. (2023). Air pollution in Iran: The current status and potential solutions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(6), 737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11296-5 Van der Heijden, J., Luckmann, O., & Cherkasheva, A. (2020). Urban climate governance in Russia: insights from Moscow and St. Petersburg. Journal of Urban Affairs, 42(7), 1047-1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2019.1617036 Wang, X., & Chen, J. (2024). Official Turnover and Embodied Carbon Emissions: Evidence From Industrial Linkages in China’s Prefecture‐Level Cities. Growth and Change, 55(4), e70002. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.70002 West, J. J., Osnaya, P., Laguna, I., Martínez, J., & Fernández, A. (2004). Co-control of urban air pollutants and greenhouse gases in Mexico City. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(13), 3474–3481. https://doi.org/10.1021/es034716g WHO. (2021). World Health Organization global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240034228 Yazdanibakhsh, F. , Salehi, E. , Faham, E. & Amin, M. M. (2019). Influential Factors of Air Pollution Awareness in Isfahan, Iran. Pollution, 5(2), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2018.256967.435 Yousefi, R., Wang, F., Shaheen, A., Ge, Q., Kaveh-Firouz, A., Kaskaoutis, D. G., & Arshad, A. (2025). Long-term perspectives on land-use changes and air pollution policies in Iran: A comparative analysis of regional and global patterns in atmospheric PM2. 5. Journal of Environmental Management, 375, 124346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124346 Yousefian, F., Afzali Borujeni, Z., Akbarzadeh, F., & Mostafaii, G. (2025). Temporal Trends and Meteorological Associations of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Air Pollutants in Tehran, Iran (2017–2021). Atmosphere, 16(6), 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060683 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 92 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 17 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب