- Aghaei, Z., Badreh, M., & Sarvi, G. K. (2023). A Comparative Study of Women's Employment Policies in Two Scandinavian Countries (Sweden and Norway) and Two Muslim Countries (Iran and Turkey) (in persian)
- Aidukaite, J., & Telisauskaite-Cekanavice, D. (2020). The father's role in child care: parental leave policies in Lithuania and Sweden. Social Inclusion, 8(4), 81-91.
- Amus, G. (2013). An alternative journey into forest kindergartens and the Reggio Emilia approach. Reorientation of teacher education towards sustainability theory and practice, 7(1), 5-25.
- Änggård, E. (2010). Making use of" nature" in an outdoor preschool: Classroom, home and fairyland. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(1), 4-25.
- Aronsson, Peter (2010): "Explaining National Museums: Exploring comparative approaches to the
study of national museums", Knell, S. J., Aronsson, P. and Amundsen, A., (eds) National Museums: New Studies from around the World, London: Routledge, 29–54
- Baldwin, P. (1990). The politics of social solidarity: class bases of the European welfare state, 1875-1975. Cambridge University Press.
- Beery, T. H. (2011). Nordic in nature: Friluftsliv and environmental connectedness.
- Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2011). Historical trust levels predict the current size of the welfare state. Kyklos, 64(1), 1-19.
- Borchorst, A. (2016). Scandinavian gender equality: Competing discourses and paradoxes. In Gender and well-being (pp. 63-76). Routledge.
- Datta Gupta, N., Smith, N., & Verner, M. (2006). Child care and parental leave in the Nordic countries: A model to aspire to?
- Díaz Gandasegui, V., Elizalde-San Miguel, B., & Sanz, M. T. (2021). Back to the future: A sensitivity analysis to predict future fertility rates considering the influence of family policies—The cases of Spain and Norway. Social Indicators Research, 154(3), 943-968.
- Douglass, C. (1991). Douglass C. North. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
- Douglass, C. (1991). Douglass C. North. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
- Duvander, A. Z., Lappegård, T., Andersen, S. N., Garðarsdóttir, Ó., Neyer, G., & Viklund, I. (2019). Parental leave policies and continued childbearing in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Demographic Research, 40, 1501-1528.
- Duvander, A.; Ellingsaeter, A. 2016. Cash for childcare schemes in the Nordic welfare states: Diverse paths, diverse outcomes. Eur. Soc. 18, 70–90
- Einarsdottir, J., & Wagner, J. A. (Eds.). (2006). Nordic childhoods and early education: Philosophy, research, policy and practice in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. IAP.
- Ekberg, J., Eriksson, R., & Friebel, G. (2013). Parental leave—A policy evaluation of the Swedish “Daddy-Month” reform. Journal of Public Economics, 97, 131-143.
- Elomäki, A., Mustosmäki, A., & Sandberg, P. K. (2021). The sidelining of gender equality in a corporatist and knowledge-oriented regime: The case of failed family leave reform in Finland. Critical Social Policy, 41(2), 294-314.
- Fasting, M. L. (2019). Children’s right to play: Outdoor play as tradition, and space for children to play in the Framework Plan for Kindergartens. In Playing Outdoors (pp. 14-21). Scandinavian University Press.
- Ferrarini, T., & Duvander, A. (2010). Earner-carer model at the cross-roads: Reforms and outcomes of Sweden's family policy in comparative perspective. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 373-398.
- Finland Labor Force Center,2023, the employment rate of mothers with children aged under 18 grew by 2.9 percentage points between 2021 and 2023, https://stat.fi/en/publication/cln0594mjl9xu0cutcq51bc6c
- Frederiksen, M. (2017). Varieties of Scandinavian universalism. Acta Sociologica, 61(1), 3–16.
- Garvis, Susanne. 2018. Quality employment and quality public servicesQuality of employment in childcareCountry report: Sweden, epsu organization.
- Gordon, T. (2006). The Nordic approach to the promotion of equality. Scottish affairs, 56(1), 57-68.
- Hulkko, J. (1979). Population development and population policy in Finland. Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, 15-31.
- Kela, Social Insurance Institution of Finland. 2025. https://www.kela.fi/on-parental-leave
- Khairidoust, Z., Momeni, F., Khadem Alizadeh, A., & Amini, A. (2021A). Culture, Formal Institutions and Economic Development. Strategy for Culture, 14(55), 55-80 (in Persian)
- Kheiridoust, Z., Momeni, F., Khadem Alizadeh, A., & Nasiri, B. (2021B). The relationship between cultural changes and economic development. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 10(1), 193-215 ( in Persian)
- Kildal, N., & Kuhnle, S. (2002). The principle of universalism: Tracing a key idea in the Scandinavian welfare model. Annual Conference of the European Social Policy Research Network.
- Klette, K. (2018). 4 Individualism and collectivism in Nordic schools. Sustainable modernity, 59.
- Klette, K. (2018). Individualism and collectivism in Nordic schools. Sustainable modernity, 59.
- Lammi-Taskula, J., & Takala, P. (2009). Negotiating tripartite compromises. In P. Moss & S. Kamerman (Eds.), The politics of parental leave policies. Children, parenting, gender and the labour market (pp. 87-102). Bristol: Policy Press.
- Lappegård, T. (2010). Family policies and fertility in Norway: Politiques familiales et fécondité en Norvège. European Journal of Population/Revue européenne de Démographie, 26, 99-116.
- Lin, K., & Rantalaiho, M. (2003). Family policy and social order--comparing the dynamics of family policy‐making in Scandinavia and Confucian Asia. International Journal of Social Welfare, 12(1), 2-13.
- Mahon, R. (2002). Child care: Toward what kind of “social Europe”?. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 9(3), 343-379.
- Mahon, R., Anttonen, A., Bergqvist, C., Brennan, D., & Hobson, B. (2012). Convergent care regimes? childcare arrangements in Australia, Canada, Finland and Sweden. Journal of European social policy, 22(4), 419-431.
- Mahon, R., Anttonen, A., Bergqvist, C., Brennan, D., & Hobson, B. (2012). Convergent care regimes? childcare arrangements in Australia, Canada, Finland and Sweden. Journal of European social policy, 22(4), 419-431.
- Miettinen, A., & Saarikallio-Torp, M. (2020). Isälle kiintiöidyn vanhempainvapaan käyttö ja sen taustatekijät [Take-up and background factors of father's quota]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 4.
- Miettinen, A., Salmi, M., Närvi, J., & Lammi-Taskula, J. (2020). Finland. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman and P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and related research 2020 (pp. 244-265). Hagen: Fakultät für Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften.
- Miettinen, A., Salmi, M., Närvi, J., & Lammi-Taskula, J. (2020). Finland. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman and P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and related research 2020 (pp. 244-265). Hagen: Fakultät für Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften.
- Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland. (2016). Act on Client Fees in Early Childhood Education and Care (1503/2016). https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20161503
- Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (2000). Swedish Family Policy. Fact Sheet: 2. January, 2000. Stockholm, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
- Moring, A., & Lammi-Taskula, J. (2021). Parental leave reforms in Finland 1977-2019 from a diversity perspective. Social Inclusion, 9(2), 338-349.
- Nordic Council of Ministers (2014) Nordic Countries in Figures 2013, Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers
- North, Douglass, C. (1991). Institutions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
- Norwegian Working Environment Act, 2025,Ch12, Entitlement to leave of absence, https://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/en/laws-and-regulations/laws/the-working-environment-act/13/.
- (2019). OECD family data base. OECD. http://www.oecd.org/social/family/database.htm
- 2016. Starting Strong IV: Monitoring Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care; OECD: Paris, France, 2016
- Pourmohammadi, R. (2024). Comparative Method of Legal Research. Comparative Law Review, 15(2), 409-430 (in persian)
- Pratt, J. (2008). Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess: Part I: The nature and roots of Scandinavian exceptionalism. The British journal of criminology, 48(2), 119-137.
- Ranjbar, M., Nedaee, A. A., & Heidarpour, M. (2021). Path dependency as a obstacle on the way of correct public policy making; Case study: Iran (in persian)
- Rønsen, M. (2004). Fertility and public policies-Evidence from Norway and Finland. Demographic research, 10, 143-170.
- Rønsen, M., & Skrede, K. (2006). Nordic fertility patterns: compatible with gender equality? In A.-L Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds): Politicising parenthood: Gender relations in Scandinavian welfare state restructuring. Bristol: Policy Press.
- Rønsen, M., & Sundström, M. (2002). Family policy and after-birth employment among new mothers--A comparison of Finland, Norway and Sweden. European Journal of Population/Revue europeenne de demographie, 18, 121-152.
- Social Insurance Office, 2002
- Sonck-Rautio, K. (2021). Nordic and Nature. A JOURNAL FOR NORDIC ETHNOLOGY VOLUME 51.
- Statistics Finland (2022). Official Statistics of Finland, Population and Society: Education and Culture. Retrieved from https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics
- Statistics Norway, 2023, Education Statistics,www.ssb.no/en
- Swedish National Agency for Education(Skolverket). (2007). Statistics on preschool education in Sweden. The Swedish National Agency for Education.
- Swedish National Agency for Education(Skolverket). (2016). Barn och grupper i förskolan – Statistik & utvärdering. https://www.skolverket.se/statistik-och-utvardering/statistik-i-tabeller
- Swedish National Agency for Education(Skolverket). (2017). Beskrivande data 2016. Förskola, skola och vuxenutbildning. Stockholm: Skolverket.
- Swedish National Agency for Education(Skolverket). (2018). Läroplan för förskolan Lpfö 18. (Preschool curriculum). https://www.skolverket.se/sitevision/proxy/publikationer/svid12_5dfee44715d35a5cdfa2899/55935574/wtpub/ws/skolbok/wpubext/trycksak/Blob/pdf4001.pdf?k=4001
- Swedish National Agency for Education(Skolverket). (2022). Statistics on preschool education in Sweden. Stockholm: The Swedish National Agency for Education.
- Swedish Social Insurance Agency. (2025). Parental benefits. Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Retrieved from https://www.forsakringskassan.se/privatpers/foralder/nar_barnet_ar_fott/foraldrapenning
- Windwehr, J., Duvander, A. Z., Ellingsæter, A. L., Eydal, G. B., Humer, Ž., & Nakazato, H. (2022). The Nordic model of father quotas in leave policies: A case of policy transfer?. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 29(1), 190-214.
- Zarandi, S. (2024). An Overview of Comparative Research Methods: Theories, Approaches and Perspectives. Comparative Public Administration Quarterly, 1(4), 1-21 (in Persian)
|
