- Al-Rasheed, M. (2018). Beyond tradition and modernity: Dilemmas of transformation in Saudi Arabia. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies. Available at https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports/documents/f03b8868ee3b43a6942cb34981e8d163_100.pdf. (access on,06/09/2025).
- Al-Rasheed, M. (2021). The son king: Reform and repression in Saudi Arabia. Oxford University Press.
- Araghchi, S. A. Samadi, A. (2024). The role of Strategic Hedging strategy in Qatar's foreign policy. Foreign Relations, 16(2), 1-28. [in Persian].
- Abedalrhman, K., & Alzaydi, A. (2024). Saudi Arabia's strategic leap towards a diversified economy and technological innovation. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 18(12), 111-125.
- Arabnews, (2025), Saudi Arabia leads Arab condemnation of Israel attacks on Iran, Available at, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2604354/saudi-arabia, (access on,08/09/2025) .
- Baikalizadeh, B., Derakhshan, M., Momeni, F., Taklif, A., Daneshjafari, D., Javan, A. (2023). Saudi Arabian oil policies in Vision for 2030 plan and its influence on global oil market with a game theory approach. International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications.2(1). 1-16. [in Persian].
- Bakir, A., & Al-Shamari, N. (2025). The art of hedging: Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE manoeuvres amid US–China great power competition. Third World Quarterly, 1-22.
- Cordesman, A. H. (2003). Saudi Arabia enters the twenty-first century. Praeger.
- Corey-Boulet, R. el-Tabei. H. (2024), Sea change’: Disruptive Saudi prince shows new pragmatism with Iran, Available at https://www.timesofisrael.com/sea-change-disruptive-saudi-prince-shows-new-pragmatism-with-iran/. (access on,07/09/2025) .
- De Mattos, C., Salciuviene, L. Sanderson, S. (2025). Can conflict be a desirable step in trust-building within international strategic alliances? A systematic literature review and typology. Journal of International Management, 101234.
- DeLong-Bas, N. J. (2022). Wahhabism and Salafism in global perspective. Wahhabism and the World: Understanding Saudi Arabia's Global Influence on Islam, 35.-52. Oxford University Press.
- Ekhtiari Amiri, R., Kalhori, J. (2025). Shift in Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy and the Restoration of Relations with Iran (2021–2024). Foreign Relations, 16(4), 221-246. [in Persian].
- Foulon, M. (2015). Neoclassical realism: challengers and bridging identities. International Studies Review, 17(4), 635-661.
- Fattahi ardakani, H. (2025), An Analysis of the Shift in Saudi Arabia’s Regional Strategy: Transition from a Powerful State to a Powerful Region, Political Strategic Studies, 14(53), 257-300. 1 [in Persian].
- García-Herrero, A. (2018), Ten years after the crisis: The West’s failure pushing China towards state capitalism, Bruegel Institute, Available at https://www.bruegel.org/comment/ten-years-after-crisis-wests-failure-pushing-china-towards-state-capitalism, (access on,07/09/2025) .
- Garlick, J. Havlová, R. (2020). China’s “Belt and Road” economic diplomacy in the persian gulf: Strategic Hedging amidst Saudi–Iranian Regional Rivalry. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 49(1), 82-105.
- General authority for statistic, (2025), Gross Domestic Product for 2024, And the Fourth Quarter of 2024, Available at: https://www.stats.gov.sa/documents/d/guest/gdp-fq42024e_v2-1-pdf (access on,03/11/2025) .
- Garlick, J. (2023). China’s hedged economic diplomacy in Saudi Arabia and Iran: A strategy of risk mitigation. In China’s Engagement with the Islamic Nations: A Clash or Collaboration of Modern Civilisation? (pp. 117-136). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Geeraerts, G, Salman, M. (2016), Measuring Strategic Hedging Capability of Second-TierStates Under Unipolarity, Chin. Polit. Sci. Rev.1,60–80.
- Gerstl, A. (2022). Hedging strategies in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam and their relations with China. Routledge.,
- Hidayat, N. A., Machmudi, Y. Muttaqin, I. (2025). Socio-Cultural Transformation of Saudi Arabia Under the Leadership of Muhammad Bin Salman. International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review, 5(2), 162-174.
- Hamdi, S. Salman, M. (2020). The hedging strategy of small Arab gulf states. Asian Politics & Policy, 12(2), 127-152.
- He, K., Feng, H. (2023). After hedging: Hard choices for the Indo-Pacific states between the US and China. Cambridge University Press.
- House, K. E. (2019). Profile of a Prince: Promise and Peril in Mohammed Bin Salman's Vision 2030. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Available at https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/ProfileofaPrince.pdf (access on,06/09/2025) .
- Juneau, T. (2020). Squandered Opportunity: Neoclassical Realism and Iran's Foreign Policy. Stanford University Press.
- Jacobs, A. (2025), Understanding Saudi Arabia’s Recalibrated Foreign Policy, International crisis group, Available at:https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/saudi-arabia/understanding-saudi-arabias, (access on,02/11/2025) .
- Keynoush, B. (2025). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Spoilers or Enablers of Conflict? Middle East Policy, 32(1), 38-53.
- Kinninmont, J (2018) ‘Political Change in Saudi Arabia’, European Institute of the Mediterranean, , https://www.iemed.org/publication/political-change-in-saudi-arabi/ ( accessed 07 / 11 /2024).
- Korolev, A. (2024). Between Scylla and Charybdis: Hedging and Australia’s Foreign Policy Amid Intensifying US-China Rivalry. Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, 7, (12). 64-83
- Kouleas, J. A. (2023). Saudi Arabian Foreign Policy and Hedging: Playing its Cards Right. (M.A thesis), Department of Political Science, The University of Windsor
- Kuik, C. C. (2021). Getting hedging right: A small-state perspective. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), 300-315.
- Kempf, W. (2003). Constructive conflict coverage: A social psychological approach. Regner: Berlin.
- Kara, M. (2024). Hedging strategy of Turkey in great power competition. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 2(8)1-27.
- Kara, M. (2025). India's Hedging Strategy in Great Power Competition. Pacific Focus, 40(1), 5-36.
- Kriesberg, L. (2014). A constructive conflict approach to world struggles. Brown J. World Aff., 21, 23.
- Kydd, A. H. (2005). Trust and mistrust in international relations. Princeton University Press.
- Krepon, M. (1993). The Decade for Confidence-Building Measures.in A Handbook of Confidence-building Measures for Regional Security, The Henry L. Stimson Center
- Mabon, S., Nasirzadeh, S., & Alrefai, E. (2021). De-securitisation and Pragmatism in the Persian Gulf: The future of Saudi-Iranian relations. The International Spectator, 56(4), 66-83.
- Masoudnia,H, Forouzan,Y. Alishahi,A. (2016), Transfer of power in Saudi Arabia: The effects of a change of governance on the structure of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy, 8(1), 137- 172. [in Persian].
- Mirtorabi, S. Keshvarian azad, M. (2025), Saudi Arabia's Hedging Strategy in facing with US and China and its impact on Iran's national interests, 17(1), 1-29. [in Persian].
- Monshipouri, M., Dorraj, M., & Fields, J. (2025). The Gaza War and the Future Of the Abraham Accords. Middle East Policy.32(2), 69-82
- Masjed, J. M., Rastegar, M., Sharifi, M. (2024). Saudi Arabia and Saudi nationalism: Religion, politics and nationality. Kom: časopis za religijske nauke, 13(2), 39-60.
- Mason , Simon J. A. and Matthias Siegfried, (2013), "Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) in Peace Processes", In: Managing Peace Processes: Process related questions. A handbook for AU practitioners, Volume 1, African Union and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 57-77.
- Maher, N. (2024). From Foes to Friends? The Potential of the Saudi-Iran Détente Amid Raging Conflicts in the Middle East. Policy Perspectives, 21(1), 23-41.
- Mohammadi, M. R., Barzegar, K., Qaderi, N. A. S. (2024). Analysis of the Role of Neopatrimonialism in the Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia. The Fundamental and Applied Studies of the Islamic World, 5(4), 163-187. [in Persian].
- Montambault Trudelle, A. (2023). The Public Investment Fund and Salman’s state: the political drivers of sovereign wealth management in Saudi Arabia. Review of International Political Economy, 30(2), 747-771.
- Ministry of investment, (2021), National. Investment Strategy, Available at https://www.investsaudi.sa/en/mediaCenter/downloadResoruce/National-Investment-Strategy, ( accessed 03 / 11/ 2025).
- Oskanian, Y. (2014), Explaining Foreign Policy Formation in Georgia, 1991-2012: A Neoclassical Realist Perspective, M.A Thesis, University of Oxford.
- Ottaway, D. (2021). Mohammed Bin Salman: The Icarus of Saudi Arabia?. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Incorporated.
- Özev, M. H. (2024). Nation Building in Saudi Arabia: From Rentierism to Territorial Nationalism. İnsan ve Toplum, 14(2), 164-188.
- Ripsman, N. M., Taliaferro, J. W., & Lobell, S. E. (2016). Neoclassical realist theory of international politics. Oxford University Press.
- Romanova, T. (2012) Neoclassical Realism and Today’s Russia, aveliable at: https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/articles/neoclassical-realism-and-todays-russia/, access on 01/ 12/ 2024.
- Rosa, P. (2018). Neoclassical realism and the underdevelopment of China’s nuclear doctrine. Springer.
- Rose, G. (1998). Neoclassical realism and theories of foreign policy. World Politics, 51(1), 144-172.
- Sager, A. (2025), Saudi Arabia’s Diplomacy and the Changing World Order, Gulf Research Center, Available at: https://www.grc.net/single-commentary/232, (access on,06/09/2025).
- Saade, C. (2025), Hedging at the Crossroads: Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Dilemma Between U.S. Security Ties and Chinese Economic Engagement, North Atlantic Policy Forum, Available at: https://www.napforum.org/policy-briefs/hedging-at-the-crossroads-saudi-arabia-s-strategic-dilemma-between-u-s-security-ties-and-chinese-economic-engagement, (access on,02/11/2025)
- Shafiee, N. (2023), Global security and development peace initiative: An analysis of China's mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia, West Asia journal, 1(1), 7-21. [in Persian].
- Saudi Arabia vision 2030, (2025), Available at: https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/overview/pillars/a-thriving-economy, (access on,06/09/2025) .
- Sayeh, J. (2025), Analysis: A decade of Saudi-Iranian relations: from rivalry to re-engagement, longwarjournal, Available at, https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2025/04/analysis-a-decade-of-saudi-iranian-relations-from-rivalry-to-re-engagement.php, (access on,08/09/2025) .
- Specialeurasia, (2025), Persian Gulf: Iran–Saudi Dialogue Following Israeli-Iranian Conflict, Available at, https://www.specialeurasia.com/2025/07/09/iran-saudi-arabia-meeting/, (access on,08/09/2025) .
- Stern, M. (2024), Jacob Goldberg on Understanding Mohammed bin Salman’s Saudi Arabia, MbS’s Foreign Policy Shifts in the Last Two Years Reveals His Understanding of Realpolitik, Available at https://www.meforum.org/webinars/jacob-goldberg-on-understanding-mohammed-bin-salmans-saudi-arabia, (access on,07/09/2025) .
- Shlykov, P. V. (2023). The state of strategic hedging: Turkey’s foreign policy and relations with Russia. Russia in Global Affairs, 21(3 (83)), 134-158.
- Taliaferro, J. W., Lobell, S. E., Ripsman, N. M. (2014). Introduction: Neoclassical realism, the state, and foreign policy. In The Realism Reader (pp. 253-258). Routledge.
- Qanas, J., Ru, Y, Safak, V. (2025). The Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Connection Between China and the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Alternatives. 0(0), 1-20
- Tehrantimes, (2025), Iran, Saudi Arabia entering strategic rapprochement, says Iranian envoy, Available at, https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/516883/Iran-Saudi-Arabia-entering-strategic-rapprochement-says-Iranian, (access on,08/09/2025) .
- Tunsjø, Ø. (2013). Security and profit in China's energy policy: hedging against risk. Columbia University Press.
- Tessman, B. F. (2012). System structure and state strategy: Adding hedging to the menu. Security Studies, 21(2), 192-231.
- Salman, M. (2017). Strategic Hedging and Unipolarity's Demise: The Case of China's Strategic Hedging. Asian Politics & Policy, 9(3), 354-377.
- S Energy Information Administration, (2025), China’s crude oil imports decreased from a record as refinery activity slowed, Available at, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=64544, (access on,02/11/2025)
- Wheeler, N. J. (2012). Trust-building in international relations. Peace Prints: South Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 4(2), 1-13.
- Wohlforth, W. C. (1987). The perception of power: Russia in the pre-1914 balance. World Politics, 39(3), 353-381.
- Zhang, Y. (2024). Crucial yet Limited: China’s Role in the Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 18(3), 243-259.
|
