Hybrid Electricity Generation System for The Gali Zakho Tunnel in Iraq: A Comparative Study of Different Configurations Using Homer Pro | ||
| Journal of Solar Energy Research | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 1، بهار 2026، صفحه 2851-2866 اصل مقاله (711.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jser.2026.406903.1672 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Alan Ibrahim Saeed* 1؛ Kamil Mansoor Yousif2؛ Maiwan Bahjat Abdulrazzaq3 | ||
| 1Environmental Science Department, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq. | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Computer Science, University of Zakho, Dohuk, Iraq | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This paper explores the feasibility of a renewable hybrid power plant for the Gali zakho highway tunnel in the north of Iraq. HOMER Pro was used to simulate, optimize, and evaluate the off-grid technical, economic, and environmental performances of seven hybrid system configurations. The investigations revealed that Case A (PV–Diesel–Battery) was the best configuration not only because of its lowest Net Present Cost ($ 6.68 M) but also because it has a Cost of Energy of $0.065/kWh, with an IRR of 18% and an ROI of 14% and a simple payback period of 5.2 years for a 25-year project lifetime. The system generated about 9,440,000 kWh a year, and PV panels accounted for 97.4% of the total, leading to a system renewable fraction of 94.8%, while the generating diesel accounted for only the remaining 2.6% by acting as a backup power source. The top-performing configuration reduced CO₂ emissions by nearly 3.7 million kg per year versus generators that ran on diesel alone and still delivered reliable power. These results validate the applicability of PV-biased hybrid systems for tunnel infrastructure and identify their potential contribution to sustainable energy development in northern Iraq. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Renewable energy؛ Photovoltaic (PV)؛ hybrid systems؛ off-grid applications؛ CO₂ reduction؛ HOMER Pro | ||
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