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کنترل زیستی بیماری پاخوره گندم با استفاده از دو قارچ اندوفیت Penicillium canescens و Penicillium hordei | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 2، دی 1404، صفحه 319-342 اصل مقاله (1.36 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2026.409466.1007101 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه غلامی1؛ جهانشیر امینی* 1؛ جعفر عبداله زاده1؛ مراحم آشنگرف2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| 2گروه علوم زیستی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق، دو جدایه قارچ اندوفیت Ag1T5 و TB4L1 بترتیب از Aegilops triuncialis وTriticum boeoticum جداسازی گردید. بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت شناسی و توالی ناحیه کالمودولین (CaM) این دو جدایه به عنوان Penicillium canescens و Penicillium hordei شناسایی شدند. هر دو جدایه P. canescens و P. hordei رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر را در روش کشت متقابل بترتیب به میزان 65/52 و 69/70 درصد کاهش دادند. همچنین ترکیبات غیر فرار (فیلتر شده) P. canescens و P. hordei رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر را بترتیب به میزان 11/38 و 44/29 درصد کاهش دادند. برعکس، ترکیبات فرار این دو جدایه قارچ اندوفیت تاثیر قابل توجهی روی رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر نداشتند (33/10 و 07/2 درصد). هر دو جدایه ترکیبات ضد قارچی مثل کتیناز، سلولاز، سیدروفور، پروتیناز و پکتیناز تولید کردند. هر دو جدایه قادر به تولید سیانید هیدروژن نبودند و توانایی حلالیت فسفات را نیز نداشتند. علاوه بر این، هر دو جدایه اندوفیت قارچی هورمون اکسین (57/1 تا 09/2 میکروگرم در میلیلیتر) و جیبرلین (85/28 تا 91/29 میکروگرم در میلیلیتر) تولید کردند که روی بهبود شاخصهای رشد گیاه گندم تاثیر داشتند. شدت بیماری پاخوره گندم در شرایط گلخانه توسط دو جدایه P. canescens و P. hordei بترتیب به میزان 57/83 و 74/38 درصد کاهش یافت. هر دو جدایه قارچ اندوفیت انتخابی شدت بیماره پاخوره گندم را کاهش و شاخصهای رشدی گندم را بصورت معنیداری افزایش دادند. بنابراین، جدایه P. canescens Ag1T5 به عتوان یک جایگزین خوب ممکن است در دفاع از گیاه گندم در مقابل بیماری پاخوره گندم در شرایط مزرعه موثر باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پاخوره گندم؛ ژن کالمودولین؛ Ggt؛ گلخانه؛ شدت بیماری | ||
| مراجع | ||
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