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افزایش مقاومت به تنش کمآبی در گندم با مدیریت مصرف فسفر و روی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 12، اسفند 1404، صفحه 3351-3373 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2026.404624.670035 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پوریا توحیدطلب1؛ حسین میر سیدحسینی* 1؛ سید مجید موسوی2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تنش کمآبی یکی از عوامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان است که تولیدات کشاورزی را با چالش جدی مواجه میسازد. مدیریت تغذیهای گیاه، بهویژه تأمین عناصر کلیدی مانند فسفر و روی، میتواند نقش مؤثری در افزایش مقاومت گیاهان به این تنش ایفا کند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر کاربرد فسفر و روی بر مقاومت دو رقم گندم (تجن و حیدری) در برابر تنش کمآبی، در تابستان 1403 در گلخانههای مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور در استان البرز انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار فاکتور شامل نوع و میزان مصرف فسفر و روی (خاکی و بذرمال)، سطح آبیاری (100٪ و 50٪ رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) و رقم گندم (تجن به عنوان رقم حساس به کمآبی؛ حیدری بهعنوان رقم مقاوم به کمآبی) اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کمآبی اثر منفی بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی گندم دارد، اما مصرف فسفر (12 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم) و روی (2 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم) از طریق خاک تحت تنش کمآبی موجب افزایش معنیدار وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه (تا 500٪)، ارتفاع گیاه و طول ریشه (تا 130٪) و محتوای رطوبت نسبی (تا 200٪) شد. همچنین مصرف خاکی روی نقش مهمی در تشکیل رایزوشیت بهعنوان مکانیسم دفاعی در برابر کمآبی داشت. در مجموع، کاربرد همزمان فسفر و روی از طریق خاک، نسبت به بذرمال، اثربخشی بیشتری در بهبود تحمل گندم به تنش کمآبی نشان داد و موجب تعدیل تخصیص زیستتوده و افزایش مقاومت گیاهان شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تنش کمآبی؛ رایزوشیت؛ گندم؛ مدیریت تغذیه | ||
| مراجع | ||
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