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تأثیر بنتونیت و نانوبنتونیت بر رشد و عملکرد گندم در خاک شنی در شرایط گلخانهای | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 12، اسفند 1404، صفحه 3254-3237 اصل مقاله (1.45 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.406519.670055 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حدیث خسرویان چترودی1؛ علیرضا راهب* 2؛ احمد حیدری3؛ مصطفی عبداله پور4؛ خدابخش گودرزوند چگینی1 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک-پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4موسسه علوم زمین، بخش علوم خاک، دانشگاه لایبنیتس هانوفر، هانوفر، آلمان، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاکهای شنی مورد بهرهوری در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک بهدلیل ظرفیت کم نگهداشت آب و عناصر غذایی، شرایط بهینه برای کشت گیاهان زراعی نظیر گندم را ندارند. اصلاح این خاکها با اصلاحکنندههای پایدار و سازگار با محیط زیست بهمنظور افزایش بهرهوری زراعی ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر کاربرد بنتونیت و نانو بنتونیت که شامل تیمارهای 30 تن بنتونیت به همراه 75/0 تن نانوبنتونیت (B30NB0.75)، 30 تن بنتونیت به همراه 5/2 تن نانوبنتونیت (B30NB2.5) و 60 تن (B60) بنتونیت و تیمارهای شاهد مثبت و منفی است بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک شنی و شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی گندم رقم سیروان در شرایط گلخانهای انجام شد. آزمایشها در قالب طرح بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام و نتایج با روش خوشهبندی دادهها تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد بنتونیت و نانو بنتونیت در خاک شنی موجب افزایش 47 درصدی رطوبت اشباع، کاهش 15 درصدی جرم مخصوص ظاهری و افزایش 6/3 برابری پایداری خاکدانهها شد. بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک پس از کاربرد بنتونیت و نانو بنتونیت موجب ارتقاء شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی گندم از جمله وزن زیست توده، وزن دانه، تعداد دانه، طول خوشه و ارتفاع بوته شد. نتایج تحلیل خوشهای نشان داد که شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی اندازهگیری شده در گندم پس از کاربرد B30*NB2.5 نزدیک به شاخصهای مربوطه در شاهد مثبت بود. در حالیکه تیمار B60 اثرگذری مشابه با شاهد منفی بر شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی گندم داشت. این نتایج بیانگر نقش کلیدی نانو بنتونیت در بهبود عملکرد گندم در خاکهای شنی است. ساز و کار اثرگذاری نانو بنتونیت به افزایش ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، بهبود ساختمان خاک، افزایش نگهداشت آب و عناصر غذایی و کاهش آبشویی مواد مغذی نسبت داده شد. در مجموع، کاربرد همزمان بنتونیت و نانو بنتونیت بهویژه در سطح B30NB2.5 میتواند بهعنوان راهکاری مؤثر و سازگار با محیطزیست برای بهبود حاصلخیزی خاکهای شنی و افزایش تولید گندم در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک توصیه شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اصلاح خاک؛ بهرهوری آب؛ شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی؛ مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک؛ ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک | ||
| مراجع | ||
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