ارزیابی کمی کیفیت خاک تحت سامانه‌های مدیریتی مرتع در استان زنجان

Alaboz, P., Odabas, M. S., & Dengiz, O. (2023). Soil quality assessment based on machine learning approach for cultivated lands in semi-humid environmental condition part of Black Sea region. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 69(15), 3514–3532.

Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry.

Andrews, S. S., Karlen, D. L., & Cambardella, C. A. (2004). The Soil Management Assessment Framework. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(6), 1945–1962. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1945

Askari, M. S., & Holden, N. M. (2014). Indices for quantitative evaluation of soil quality under grassland management. Geoderma, 230-231, 131–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.019

Askari, M. S., & Holden, N. M. (2015). Quantitative soil quality indexing of temperate arable management systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 150, 57–67.

Askari, M. S., Alamdari, P., Chahardoli, S., & Afshari, A. (2020). Quantification of heavy metal pollution for environmental assessment of soil condition. Environ Monit Assess, 192(3), 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8116-6

Bastani, M., Sadeghipour, A., Kamali, N., Zarafshar, M., & Bazot, S. (2023). How does livestock graze management affect woodland soil health? Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6, 1028149.

Bastida, F., Luis Moreno, J., Teresa, H., & García, C. (2006). Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(12), 3463–3473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.001

Baumgartner, S. A., Smith, S. W., Bartzke, G. S., Laizar, O., Ploechl, J. F., Michler, L. M., Naro, E. M., & Treydte, A. C. (2024). Love your wet grass! Dry season grazing reserves show highest grass regrowth in communal semi-arid rangelands of Tanzania. PLoS One, 19(11), e0313818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313818

Brejda, J. J., Karlen, D. L., Smith, J. L., & Allan, D. L. (2000). Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators II. Northern Mississippi Loess Hills and Palouse Prairie. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64(6), 2125–2135.

Bremner, J. (1960). Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 55(1), 11–33.

Bronick, C. J., & Lal, R. (2005). Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma, 124(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.03.005

Bünemann, E. K., Bongiorno, G., Bai, Z., Creamer, R. E., De Deyn, G., de Goede, R., Fleskens, L., Geissen, V., Kuyper, T. W., Mäder, P., Pulleman, M., Sukkel, W., van Groenigen, J. W., & Brussaard, L. (2018). Soil quality – A critical review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 120, 105–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.030

Carter, M. R., & Gregorich, E. G. (2007). Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC press.

Dagar, J. C., Gupta, S. R., & Gaur, A. (2023). Tree-based farming systems for improving productivity and ecosystem services in saline environments of dry regions: An overview. Farming System, 1(1), 100003. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100003

Dexter, A., Czyż, E., Richard, G., & Reszkowska, A. (2008). A user-friendly water retention function that takes account of the textural and structural pore spaces in soil. Geoderma, 143(3-4), 243–253.

DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry, 28(3), 350–356.

El Bourhrami, B., Ibno Namr, K., Et-Tayeb, H., & Duraisamy, V. (2022). Application of Soil Quality Index to Assess the Status of Soils Submitted to Intensive Agriculture in the Irrigated Plain of Doukkala, Moroccan Semiarid Region. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 23.

Eldridge, D. J., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Travers, S. K., Val, J., & Oliver, I. (2017). Do grazing intensity and herbivore type affect soil health? Insights from a semi-arid productivity gradient. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(3), 976–985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12834

Erfanzadeh, R., Sabetpour, T., Amini, T., & Török, P. (2025). Soil seed bank resilience after rangeland conversion: implications for restoring abandoned agricultural lands. Sci Total Environ, 997, 180209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180209

Gardner, W. H. (1986). Water content. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 physical and mineralogical methods, 5, 493–544.

Girija Veni, V., Srinivasarao, C., Sammi Reddy, K., Sharma, K. L., & Rai, A. (2020). Chapter 26 - Soil health and climate change. In M. N. V. Prasad & M. Pietrzykowski (Eds.), Climate Change and Soil Interactions (pp. 751–767). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818032-7.00026-6

Grossman, R., & Reinsch, T. (2002). 2.1 Bulk density and linear extensibility. Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 201–228.

Gu, F., Zhou, M., Zhu, B., & Wang, H. (2025). Converting Cropland to Forest Improves Soil Water Retention Capacity by Changing Soil Aggregate Stability and Pore-Size Distribution. Sustainability, 17(10), 4363.

Hamidi Nehrani, S., Askari, M. S., Saadat, S., Delavar, M. A., & Taheri, M. (2020). Using multivariate analysis to evaluate soil quality in agricultural lands of Zanjan province. Applied Soil Research, 8(2), 158–173.

Hamidi Nehrani, S., Askari, M. S., Saadat, S., Delavar, M. A., Taheri, M., & Holden, N. M. (2020). Quantification of soil quality under semi-arid agriculture in the northwest of Iran. Ecological Indicators, 108, 105770. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105770

Herrera Calvo, P. M. (2024). Global Land Outlook: Thematic Report on Rangelands and Pastoralists.

Hesse, P. R., & Hesse, P. (1971). A textbook of soil chemical analysis.

Islam, W., Zeng, F., Siddiqui, J. A., Zhihao, Z., Du, Y., Zhang, Y., Alshaharni, M. O., & Khan, K. A. (2025). Combating desertification: comprehensive strategies, challenges, and future directions for sustainable solutions. Biological Reviews.

Joner, E., & Leyval, C. (1997). Uptake of 109Cd by roots and hyphae of a Glomus mosseae/Trifolium subterraneum mycorrhiza from soil amended with high and low concentrations of cadmium. The New Phytologist, 135(2), 353–360.

Jones, J. (2018). Soil analysis handbook of reference methods. CRC press.

Karray, E., & Bouricha, B. (2025). Discriminant analysis using feature extraction from spectral domain responses to achieve accurate delineation for robust evaluation or classification of soil properties. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(1), 410–428.

Kemper, W. D., & Rosenau, R. C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. Methods of soil analysis: part 1 physical and mineralogical methods, 5, 425–442.

Lehmann, J., Bossio, D. A., Kögel-Knabner, I., & Rillig, M. C. (2020). The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(10), 544–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0080-8

Liu, X., Sheng, H., Wang, Z., Ma, Z., Huang, X., & Li, L. (2020). Does Grazing Exclusion Improve Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Alpine Grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau? A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability, 12(3), 977.

Macheroum, A., Sayada, N., & Chenchouni, H. (2025). Restoration of soil quality and improvement of physicochemical properties through grazing exclusion in arid and semi-arid rangelands. CATENA, 249, 108646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108646

Maleki, S., Zeraatpisheh, M., Karimi, A., Sareban, G., & Wang, L. (2022). Assessing Variation of Soil Quality in Agroecosystem in an Arid Environment Using Digital Soil Mapping. Agronomy, 12(3), 578. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030578.

Mao, L., Miao, Y., Ge, Y., Wei, S., Yang, X., Li, S., Si, L., Gou, Y. P., & Quandahor, P. (2024). Effects of different afforestation years on soil moisture and nutrient content in Maxian Mountain of the Loess Plateau. Sci Rep, 14(1), 16194. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66408-z

Masoumi Tabar Zanjani, A. H., Askari, M. s., Amanifar, S., & Hassani, A. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Converting Rangeland to Cropland on Soil Physical Quality in a Semi-Arid Region. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 15(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.22069/ejsms.2025.22503.2155

Masto, R. E., Chhonkar, P. K., Singh, D., & Patra, A. K. (2008). Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136(1), 419–435.

Mongil-Manso, J., Navarro-Hevia, J., & San Martín, R. (2022). Impact of Land Use Change and Afforestation on Soil Properties in a Mediterranean Mountain Area of Central Spain. Land, 11(7), 1043.

Morris, M. L., Eastburn, D. J., Roche, L. M., Davy, J., Doran, M., Karle, B., Lile, D., Schohr, T., Snell, L., Macon, D., Woodmansee, G., Touceda-Suárez, M., & Barberán, A. (2025). Effects of grazing exclusion and pasture management on soil microbial communities in Californian irrigated pastures. Applied Soil Ecology, 215, 106419. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106419

Nabiollahi, K., Golmohamadi, F., Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, R., Kerry, R., & Davari, M. (2018). Assessing the effects of slope gradient and land use change on soil quality degradation through digital mapping of soil quality indices and soil loss rate. Geoderma, 318, 16–28.

Nath, A. J., & Rattan, L. (2017). Effects of tillage practices and land use management on soil aggregates and soil organic carbon in the north Appalachian region, USA. Pedosphere, 27(1), 172–176.

Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 9, 539–579.

Pan, Z., Cai, X., Bo, Y., Guan, C., Cai, L., Haider, F. U., Li, X., & Yu, H. (2024). Response of soil organic carbon and soil aggregate stability to changes in land use patterns on the Loess Plateau. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 31775. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82300-2

Parvizi, Y., & Fatehi, S. (2024). Modeling and digital mapping of soil quality indicators in different land uses (a case study: Ravansar-Sanjabi Plain, Kermanshah). Environ Monit Assess, 196(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12349-z

Philip, J. R. (1957). The theory of infiltration: 4. Sorptivity and algebraic infiltration equations. Soil science, 84(3), 257–264.

Pieri, C. J. (2012). Fertility of soils: a future for farming in the West African Savannah (Vol. 10). Springer Science & Business Media.

Pierzynski, G. M. (2000). Methods of phosphorus analysis for soils, sediments, residuals, and waters. In: North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC.

Raiesi, F. (2017). A minimum data set and soil quality index to quantify the effect of land use conversion on soil quality and degradation in native rangelands of upland arid and semiarid regions. Ecological Indicators, 75, 307–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.12.049

Reichert, J. M., Suzuki, L. E. A. S., Reinert, D. J., Horn, R., & Håkansson, I. (2009). Reference bulk density and critical degree-of-compactness for no-till crop production in subtropical highly weathered soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 102(2), 242–254.

Reynolds, W., Bowman, B., Drury, C., Tan, C., & Lu, X. (2002). Indicators of good soil physical quality: density and storage parameters. Geoderma, 110(1-2), 131–146.

Reynolds, W., Drury, C., Tan, C., Fox, C., & Yang, X. (2009). Use of indicators and pore volume-function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma, 152(3-4), 252–263.

Reynolds, W., Drury, C., Yang, X., & Tan, C. (2008). Optimal soil physical quality inferred through structural regression and parameter interactions. Geoderma, 146(3-4), 466–474.

Rhoades, J. (1982). Cation exchange capacity. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 9, 149–157.

Sadiq, F. K., Maniyunda, L. M., Adegoke, K. A., & Anumah, A. O. (2021). Evaluating quality of soils formed on basement complex rocks in Kaduna State, northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess, 193(7), 383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09157-0

Sáez, J. I., Dec, D., Dorner, J., Ordoñez, I., Clunes, J., Radic, S., Jug, D., Jovic, J., & Jug, I. (2025). Soil physical responses to grazing and vegetation heterogeneity in the Patagonian steppe: assessing degradation and resilience at multiple spatial scales. Authorea Preprints.

Savari, M. (2023). Explaining the ranchers’ behavior of rangeland conservation in western Iran. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1090723.

Shamkhani, H., Askari, M. S., Vaezi, A. R., & Alamdari, P. (2025). Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Different Management Systems of Rangelands in Zanjan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 56(7), 1715–1735. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2025.393617.669924.

Sharaftmandrad, M., & Shahraki, M. (2025). Understanding rangeland desertification through pastoralist perspectives using a grounded theory approach. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 2279. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86573-z

Sheidai Karkaj, E., Sepehry, A., Barani, H., Motamedi, J., & Shahbazi, F. (2019). Establishing a Suitable Soil Quality Index for Semi-arid Rangeland Ecosystems in Northwest of Iran. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19(3), 648–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00065-4

Sheidai Karkaj, E., Sepehry, A., Barani, H., Motamedi, J., & Shahbazi, F. (2019). Establishing a Suitable Soil Quality Index for Semi-arid Rangeland Ecosystems in Northwest of Iran. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19(3), 648–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00065-4.

Sinha, S., Masto, R. E., Ram, L. C., Selvi, V. A., Srivastava, N. K., Tripathi, R. C., & George, J. (2009). Rhizosphere soil microbial index of tree species in a coal mining ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(9), 1824–1832. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.11.022

Skhosana, F. V., Thenga, H. F., Mateyisi, M. J., von Maltitz, G., Midgley, G. F., & Stevens, N. (2023). Steal the rain: Interception loses and rainfall partitioning by a broad‐leaf and a fine‐leaf woody encroaching species in a southern African semi‐arid savanna. Ecology and Evolution, 13(3), e9868.

Sun, F., Zhang, Z., Jiang, P., Zhou, S., & Ou, J. (2023). Structure and stability characteristics of zonal soil aggregates in the Three Rivers Source of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 87(5), 1042–1055. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20581

Sylvia, D. M., & Williams, S. E. (1992). Vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizae and environmental stress. Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, 54, 101–124.

Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed‐form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil science society of America journal, 44(5), 892–898.

Vasu, D., Singh, S. K., Ray, S. K., Duraisami, V. P., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., Nimkar, A. M., & Anantwar, S. G. (2016). Soil quality index (SQI) as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan plateau, India. Geoderma, 282, 70–79.

Veihmeyer, F., & Hendrickson, A. (1931). The moisture equivalent as a measure of the field capacity of soils. Soil Science, 32(3), 181–194.

Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1), 29–38.

Wang, L., Guo, J., Liu, X., Li, K., Ma, L., Tian, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Tian, Y., Li, C., & Lu, M. (2023). Assessment of soil quality in an arid and barren mountainous of Shandong province, China. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 19966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46136-6

Wang, L., Guo, J., Liu, X., Li, K., Ma, L., Tian, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Tian, Y., Li, C., & Lu, M. (2023). Assessment of soil quality in an arid and barren mountainous of Shandong province, China. Sci Rep, 13(1), 19966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46136-6

Wienhold, B., Karlen, D., Andrews, S., & Stott, D. (2009). Protocol for Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) soil indicator scoring curve development. Renew Agric Food Syst, 24, 260–266.

Williams, S. E. (2024). A Review and Analysis of Rangeland and Wildland Soil Health. Sustainability, 16(7), 2867.

Xu, Y., Hou, Q., Xiang, J., Gao, M., Shao, P., Chen, S., Fu, Z., Long, P., & Huang, C. (2025). Evaluation of soil quality and system sustainability in ratoon rice paddy field under green manure application in central China. Field Crops Research, 333, 110087.

Yao, W., Nan, F., Li, Y., Li, Y., Liang, P., & Zhao, C. (2023). Effects of different afforestation years on soil properties and quality. Forests, 14(2), 329.

Yu, L., Chen, Y., Sun, W., & Huang, Y. (2019). Effects of grazing exclusion on soil carbon dynamics in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma, 353, 133–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.036

Yuan, C., Yue, K., Peng, C., Wu, F., Wu, Q., Zhu, G., Wang, Y., & Peng, Y. (2025). Former ecosystem type and soil organic matter regulate the effects of reforestation on soil bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, and texture. Journal of Forest Research, 1–10.