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پاسخ تنوع میکروبی خاک به تغییرات فیزیکی و شیمیایی ناشی از فرسایش آبی: مطالعه موردی سایت جنگلی چهلتن، شهرستان بم | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 11، بهمن 1404، صفحه 3027-3046 اصل مقاله (1.37 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.403696.670019 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی صابری* 1؛ مصطفی نوری2 | ||
| 1گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش آبی یکی از مهمترین عوامل کاهش کیفیت و حاصلخیزی خاک در اکوسیستمهای خشک و نیمهخشک است. در این مطالعه، تأثیر شدتهای مختلف فرسایش آبی بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبی خاک در سایت جنگلی چهلتن شهرستان بم بررسی شد. نمونهبرداری خاک در چهار درجه فرسایش شامل بدون فرسایش، فرسایش کم، متوسط و شدید انجام گرفت و پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی شامل بافت خاک، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، رطوبت، اسیدیته، کربن و نیتروژن آلی معدنی، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس، آمونیوم و نیترات اندازهگیری شدند. شاخصهای زیستی شامل آنزیم کاتالاز، ذخایر کربن و نیتروژن میکروبی، تنفس میکروبی پایه، جمعیت میکروارگانیسمها و سهم میکروبی خاک ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شدت فرسایش، مقادیر کربن آلی از ۶/۶ به ۴g kg⁻¹، نیتروژن کل از ۶/۰ به ۳/۰ g kg⁻¹ و پتاسیم قابل دسترس از ۳/۱۵۶ به ۲۸/۸۳ mg kg⁻¹کاهش یافت. فعالیت آنزیمی، ذخایر میکروبی، تنفس و جمعیت میکروارگانیسمها نیز به طور معنیداری کاهش یافتند و سهم میکروبی خاک در پلاتهای فرسایش شدید به ۶۵/۰ رسید. تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که شاخصهای زیستی رابطه مثبت و معنیداری با ماده آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس و رطوبت خاک دارند، در حالی که درصد شن رابطه منفی و درصد رس و سیلت رابطه مثبت با فعالیت میکروبی نشان داد. این یافتهها تأکید میکند که فرسایش آبی از طریق کاهش مواد آلی، عناصر غذایی و تغییر بافت خاک، پایداری زیستی و عملکرد اکوسیستم خاک را به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد و مدیریت پایدار خاک برای حفظ حاصلخیزی و کارکردهای اکولوژیکی در این مناطق ضروری است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| خصوصیات بیولوژیکی خاک؛ بافت خاک؛ کربن آلی؛ آنزیم کاتالاز؛ تغییرات میکروبی خاک | ||
| مراجع | ||
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