پاسخ‌های زیست‌ژئوشیمیایی کربن آلی خاک و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها نسبت به تغییرات ارتفاع و عمق: مقایسه روش‌های عمق ثابت و جرم معادل خاک

Afreen, T., Singh, H., & Singh, J. S. (2019). Influence of changing patterns of precipitation and temperature on tropical soil ecosystem. Tropical ecosystems: Structure, functions and challenges in the face of global change, 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8249-9_2

Anderson, J. P., & Domsch, K. H. (1978). A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil biology and biochemistry, 10 (3), 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(78)90099-8

Barry, R. G. (2008). Mountain weather and climate (pp. xxiv+-506). https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20093032476

Batjes, N. H. (1996). Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European journal of soil science, 47(2), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x

Batjes, N. H. (2014). Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European journal of soil science, 65 (1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12114_2

Bell, C. W., Fricks, B. E., Rocca, J. D., Steinweg, J. M., McMahon, S. K., & Wallenstein, M. D. (2013). High-throughput fluorometric measurement of potential soil extracellular enzyme activities. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE, (81), 50961. https://doi.org/10.3791/50961

Blake, G. R. (1965). Bulk density. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 physical and mineralogical properties, including statistics of measurement and sampling, 9, 374-390. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.1.c30

Canadell, J., Jackson, R. B., Ehleringer, J. B., Mooney, H. A., Sala, O. E., & Schulze, E. D. (1996). Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia, 108, 583-595. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329030

Conant, R. T., Ryan, M. G., Ågren, G. I., Birge, H. E., Davidson, E. A., Eliasson, P. E., ... & Bradford, M. A. (2011). Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates–synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward. Global change biology, 17 (11), 3392-3404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02496.x

Cotrufo, M. F., Wallenstein, M. D., Boot, C. M., Denef, K., & Paul, E. (2013). The M icrobial E fficiency‐M atrix S tabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?. Global change biology, 19 (4), 988-995. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12113

Crowther, T. W., Todd-Brown, K. E., Rowe, C. W., Wieder, W. R., Carey, J. C., Machmuller, M. B., ... & Bradford, M. A. (2016). Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming. Nature, 540 (7631), 104-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20150

Djukic, I., Zehetner, F., Tatzber, M., & Gerzabek, M. H. (2010). Soil organic‐matter stocks and characteristics along an Alpine elevation gradient. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 173 (1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200900027

Don, A., Rödenbeck, C., & Gleixner, G. (2013). Unexpected control of soil carbon turnover by soil carbon concentration. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 11, 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0433-3

Egamberdieva, D., Renella, G., Wirth, S., & Islam, R. (2010). Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of plants. In Soil enzymology (pp. 149-166). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14225-3_8

Fierer, N., & Jackson, R. B. (2006). The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103 (3), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507535103

Garcia, C., Hernandez, T., & Costa, F. (1997). Potential use of dehydrogenase activity as an index of microbial activity in degraded soils. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 28 (1-2), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629709369777

Garcia-Pausas, J., Casals, P., Camarero, L., Huguet, C., Sebastia, M. T., Thompson, R., & Romanya, J. (2007). Soil organic carbon storage in mountain grasslands of the Pyrenees: effects of climate and topography. Biogeochemistry, 82, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9071-9

García‐Palacios, P., Vandegehuchte, M. L., Shaw, E. A., Dam, M., Post, K. H., Ramirez, K. S., ... & Wall, D. H. (2015). Are there links between responses of soil microbes and ecosystem functioning to elevated CO 2, N deposition and warming? A global perspective. Global Change Biology, 21 (4), 1590-1600. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12788

Gholami, R. (2019). Mineralogical evolution of Inceptisols and Alfisols at two elevation levels in Arasbaran forests [Master’s thesis, University of Tabriz].

Goidts, E., Van Wesemael, B., & Crucifix, M. (2009). Magnitude and sources of uncertainties in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock assessments at various scales. European Journal of Soil Science, 60 (5), 723-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01157.x

Guo, M., Zhao, B., Wen, Y., Hu, J., Dou, A., Zhang, Z., ... & Zhu, J. (2022). Elevational pattern of soil organic carbon release in a Tibetan alpine grassland: Consequence of quality but not quantity of initial soil organic carbon. Geoderma, 428, 116148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116148

Guo, L. B., & Gifford, R. M. (2002). Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Global change biology, 8 (4), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x

Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Díaz-Pinés, E., Rubio, A., & Gavilán, R. G. (2015). Both altitude and vegetation affect temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean high mountain soils. Geoderma, 237, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.08.005

Hagedorn, F., Moeri, A., Walthert, L., & Zimmermann, S. (2010). Kohlenstoff in Schweizer Waldböden–bei Klimaerwärmung eine potenzielle CO2-Quelle| Soil organic carbon in Swiss forest soils–a potential CO2 source in a warming climate. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen, 161 (12), 530-535. https://doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0530

Hofmann, E. (1965). Urease. In Methods of enzymatic analysis (pp. 913-916). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-395630-9.50163-8

Huluka, G., & Miller, R. (2014). Particle size determination by hydrometer method. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin, 419, 180-184. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/MethodsManualFinalSERA6.pdf#page=188

Ipcc, I. P. C. C. (2006). Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T, Tanabe K, editors. Published: IGES, Japan. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/meeting/pdfiles/Washington_Report.pdf

Jackson, R. B., Lajtha, K., Crow, S. E., Hugelius, G., Kramer, M. G., & Piñeiro, G. (2017). The ecology of soil carbon: pools, vulnerabilities, and biotic and abiotic controls. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 48 (1), 419-445. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054234

Kallenbach, C. M., Grandy, A. S., Frey, S. D., & Diefendorf, A. F. (2015). Microbial physiology and necromass regulate agricultural soil carbon accumulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 91, 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.005

Kleber, M., Sollins, P., & Sutton, R. (2007). A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils: self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces. Biogeochemistry, 85, 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9103-5

Koch, O., Tscherko, D., & Kandeler, E. (2007). Temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and potential soil enzyme activities in organic alpine soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21 (4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002983

Kong, J., He, Z., Chen, L., Zhang, S., Yang, R., & Du, J. (2022). Elevational variability in and controls on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests. Ecosphere, 13 (4), e4010. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4010

Kögel‐Knabner, I., Guggenberger, G., Kleber, M., Kandeler, E., Kalbitz, K., Scheu, S., ... & Leinweber, P. (2008). Organo‐mineral associations in temperate soils: Integrating biology, mineralogy, and organic matter chemistry. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171 (1), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700048

Körner, C. (2007). The use of ‘altitude’in ecological research. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22 (11), 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006

Lehmann, J., & Kleber, M. (2015). The contentious nature of soil organic matter. Nature, 528  (7580), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16069

Leifeld, J., & Fuhrer, J. (2005). The temperature response of CO 2 production from bulk soils and soil fractions is related to soil organic matter quality. Biogeochemistry, 75, 433-453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-2237-4

Li, X., Xie, J., Zhang, Q., Lyu, M., Xiong, X., Liu, X., ... & Yang, Y. (2020). Substrate availability and soil microbes drive temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon mineralization to warming along an elevation gradient in subtropical Asia. Geoderma, 364, 114198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114198

Lloyd, J., & Taylor, J. A. (1994). On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Functional ecology, 315-323. https://doi.org/10.2307/2389824

Luo, Z., Feng, W., Luo, Y., Baldock, J., & Wang, E. (2017). Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate, carbon inputs, soil properties and soil carbon fractions. Global change biology, 23 (10), 4430-4439. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13767

Mathieu, J. A., Hatté, C., Balesdent, J., & Parent, É. (2015). Deep soil carbon dynamics are driven more by soil type than by climate: a worldwide meta‐analysis of radiocarbon profiles. Global change biology, 21 (11), 4278-4292. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13012

Margalef, O., Sardans, J., Fernández-Martínez, M., Molowny-Horas, R., Janssens, I. A., Ciais, P., ... & Penuelas, J. (2017). Global patterns of phosphatase activity in natural soils. Scientific reports, 7 (1), 1337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01418-8

Martín, M. Á., Reyes, M., & Taguas, F. J. (2017). Estimating soil bulk density with information metrics of soil texture. Geoderma, 287, 66-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.09.008

Merino, C., Godoy, R., & Matus, F. (2016). Soil enzymes and biological activity at different levels of organic matter stability. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 16 (1), 14-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162016005000002

Mishra, U., Ussiri, D. A., & Lal, R. (2010). Tillage effects on soil organic carbon storage and dynamics in Corn Belt of Ohio USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 107 (2), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.02.005

Montgomery, D. R. (2007). Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (33), 13268-13272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611508104

Nogués-Bravo, D., Araújo, M. B., Errea, M. P., & Martínez-Rica, J. P. (2007). Exposure of global mountain systems to climate warming during the 21st Century. Global environmental change, 17 (3-4), 420-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.007

Öhlinger, H., & Von Mersi, W. (1996). Enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism. In Methods in soil biology (pp. 235-245). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_15

Pan, Y., Yu, S. S., Xiao, Z. C., Min, Y., Tian, T., Zheng, Y. M., ... & Yu, H. Q. (2023). Re-evaluation and modification of dehydrogenase activity tests in assessing microbial activity for wastewater treatment plant operation. Water Research, 246, 120737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120737

Paustian, K., Lehmann, J., Ogle, S., Reay, D., Robertson, G. P., & Smith, P. (2016). Climate-smart soils. Nature, 532 (7597), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17174

Powlson, D. S., Whitmore, A. P., & Goulding, K. W. (2011). Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: a critical re‐examination to identify the true and the false. European journal of soil science, 62 (1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01342.x

Prescott, C. E. (2010). Litter decomposition: what controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils?. Biogeochemistry, 101, 133-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9439-0

Raffeld, A. M., Bradford, M. A., Jackson, R. D., Rath, D., Sanford, G. R., Tautges, N., & Oldfield, E. E. (2024). The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks. Carbon Balance and Management, 19 (1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-024-00249-1

Rezaei, H., Jsfarzadeh, A. A., Alijanpour, A., Shahbazi, F., & Valizadeh Kamran, K. (2017). Genetically evolution of Arasbaran forests soils along altitudinal transects of Kaleybar Chai Sofla Sub-Basin. Water and Soil Science, 26 (4.1), 151-166. https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5864.html?lang=en

Rezaei, H., Jafarzadeh, A. A., Alijanpour, A., Shahbazi, F., & Valizadeh Kamran, K. (2020). Soil Organic Matter Condition in Forest Stands of Arasbaran. Water and Soil, 34 (1), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v34i1.80633

Rumpel, C., & Kögel-Knabner, I. (2011). Deep soil organic matter—a key but poorly understood component of terrestrial C cycle. Plant and soil, 338, 143-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0391-5

Rustad, L. E. J. L., Campbell, J., Marion, G., Norby, R., Mitchell, M., Hartley, A., ... & Gcte-News. (2001). A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming. Oecologia, 126, 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000544

Schimel, J. P., & Schaeffer, S. M. (2012). Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil. Frontiers in microbiology, 3, 348. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00348

Schinner, F., Öhlinger, R., Kandeler, E., & Margesin, R. (1996). Enzymes involved in carbon metabolism. In Methods in Soil Biology (pp. 185-207). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_12

Schmidt, M. W., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G., Janssens, I. A., ... & Trumbore, S. E. (2011). Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature, 478 (7367), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10386

Schuur, E. A., Bockheim, J., Canadell, J. G., Euskirchen, E., Field, C. B., Goryachkin, S. V., ... & Zimov, S. A. (2008). Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle. BioScience, 58 (8), 701-714. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580807

Sinsabaugh, R. L., Lauber, C. L., Weintraub, M. N., Ahmed, B., Allison, S. D., Crenshaw, C., ... & Zeglin, L. H. (2008). Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecology letters, 11 (11), 1252-1264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01245.x

Sinsabaugh, R. L., Hill, B. H., & Follstad Shah, J. J. (2009). Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature, 462 (7274), 795-798. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08632

Smith, P. (2008). Land use change and soil organic carbon dynamics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 81, 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9138-y

Souza, C. R., Mariano, R. F., Maia, V. A., Pompeu, P. V., Dos Santos, R. M., & Fontes, M. A. L. (2023). Carbon stock and uptake in the high-elevation tropical montane forests of the threatened Atlantic Forest hotspot: Ecosystem function and effects of elevation variation. Science of The Total Environment, 882, 163503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163503

Steinweg, J. M., Dukes, J. S., Paul, E. A., & Wallenstein, M. D. (2013). Microbial responses to multi-factor climate change: effects on soil enzymes. Frontiers in microbiology, 4, 146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00146

Stockmann, U., Adams, M. A., Crawford, J. W., Field, D. J., Henakaarchchi, N., Jenkins, M., ... & Zimmermann, M. (2013). The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 164, 80-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.001

Stone, M. M., DeForest, J. L., & Plante, A. F. (2014). Changes in extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community structure with soil depth at the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 75, 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.017

Sundqvist, M. K., Sanders, N. J., & Wardle, D. A. (2013). Community and ecosystem responses to elevational gradients: processes, mechanisms, and insights for global change. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 44 (1), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135750

Tashi, S., Singh, B., Keitel, C., & Adams, M. (2016). Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in forests along an altitudinal gradient in the eastern Himalayas and a meta‐analysis of global data. Global change biology, 22 (6), 2255-2268. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13234

Tunlid, A., & White, D. C. (2021). Biochemical analysis of biomass, community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activity of microbial communities in soil. In Soil biochemistry (pp. 229-262). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003210207

VandenBygaart, A. J., & Angers, D. A. (2006). Towards accurate measurements of soil organic carbon stock change in agroecosystems. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86 (3), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.4141/S05-106

Von Haden, A. C., Yang, W. H., & DeLucia, E. H. (2020). Soils' dirty little secret: Depth‐based comparisons can be inadequate for quantifying changes in soil organic carbon and other mineral soil properties. Global Change Biology, 26 (7), 3759-3770. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15124

Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37 (1), 29-38. https://journals.lww.com/soilsci/toc/1934/01000

Wendt, J. W., & Hauser, S. (2013). An equivalent soil mass procedure for monitoring soil organic carbon in multiple soil layers. European Journal of Soil Science, 64 (1), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12002

Wiesmeier, M., Burmeister, J., Garcia-Franco, N., & Sümmerer, M. (2024). Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Changes in Agricultural Soils of Bavaria Between 1986 and 2016 as Driven by Management and Climate Change. Available at SSRN 4901937. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4901937

Yoo, K., Amundson, R., Heimsath, A. M., & Dietrich, W. E. (2006). Spatial patterns of soil organic carbon on hillslopes: Integrating geomorphic processes and the biological C cycle. Geoderma, 130 (1-2), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.008

Zhang, R., & Wienhold, B. J. (2002). The effect of soil moisture on mineral nitrogen, soil electrical conductivity, and pH. Nutrient cycling in Agroecosystems, 63, 251-254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021115227884