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تحلیل تغییرپذیری تبخیر ـ تعرق واقعی تحت تأثیر نوع پوشش گیاهی در طول شیب تغییرات بارندگی | ||
| مجله اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 4، دی 1404، صفحه 945-963 اصل مقاله (973.31 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2026.397981.1877 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهام بنی هاشمی* 1؛ پژمان طهماسبی2؛ الهام قهساره3؛ خدایار عبدالهی4 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی طبیعت، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 2اکولوژی مرتع، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران، | ||
| 3علوم مرتع، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| 4مهندسی آب، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| موضوع: تبخیر ـ تعرق واقعی (ETa) به عنوان مؤلفهای کلیدی در چرخۀ هیدرولوژیکی، متأثر از عوامل اقلیمی و زیستی است. اگرچه مطالعات متعددی به بررسی جداگانۀ این عوامل پرداختهاند، درک اثرات متقابل شکلهای رویشی و گرادیان بارندگی بر الگوی ETa در مراتع خشک و نیمهخشک کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اهداف: این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل تأثیر شکلهای مختلف پوشش گیاهی بر ETa در طول یک شیب تغییرات بارندگی در مناطق استپی و نیمهاستپی انجام شد. مواد و روشها: مطالعۀ حاضر در پنج منطقۀ مرتعی با شرایط بارندگی متفاوت (۱۳۰ تا ۸۰۰ میلیمتر) در استانهای چهارمحال و بختیاری و اصفهان انجام شد. دادههای پوشش گیاهی شامل شکلهای رویشی گندمیان چندساله، بوتهایها، علفیهای چندساله و گیاهان یکساله در دورۀ اوج رشد رویشی اندازهگیری شد. دادههای ETa از سامانۀ WaPOR با وضوح مکانی ۲۵۰×۲۵۰ متر استخراج شد. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با استفاده از مدل خطی عمومی (General Linear Model, GLM) و آزمون همبستگی پیرسون در نرمافزار SPSS انجام شد.. یافتهها: نتایج GLM نشان داد شیب تغییرات بارندگی تأثیر غالب و معناداری بر میزان ETa دارد (سطح معناداری p< 0/001 ، F= 78/371 و ضریب تعیین تعدیلشده (Adjusted R²) برابر با 0/953)، در حالی که اثر مستقل شکلهای رویشی در تمامی موارد معنادار نبود. با اینحال، اثر متقابل معناداری برای گندمیان چندساله (F=3/813، P= 0/015 ) و بوتهایها (F= 4/372 و P=0/009) مشاهده شد. همبستگی پیرسون نیز رابطۀ مثبت و معناداری را بین پوشش گیاهی و ETa تأیید کرد (بالاترین میزان همبستگی پوشش کل گیاهی p< 0/001 و r= 0/957، گندمیان چندساله p<0/001 , r= 0/788). نتیجه گیری نهایی: یافتهها نشان داد در مناطق با بارندگی زیاد، افزایش ETa همراه با پوشش گیاهی متراکمتر، نشاندهندۀ شکلگیری یک چرخۀ هیدرولوژیک پایدار است. در مقابل، در مناطق کمبارش، محدودیت آب به عنوان عامل کنترلکنندۀ اصلی، هم پوشش گیاهی و هم ETa را به طور همزمان محدود میکند. این پژوهش نشان میدهد شیب تغییرات بارندگی نقش تعیینکنندهای در ساختار پوشش گیاهی و الگوهای ETa دارد و درک اثر متقابل بین این عوامل میتواند مبنای مناسبی برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب و پوشش گیاهی در اکوسیستمهای خشک و نیمهخشک فراهم آورد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تبخیر _ تعرق؛ ا شکال رویشی؛ شیب تغییرات بارندگی؛ WAPOR؛ استپی و نیمه استپی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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