ارزیابی درستی داده‌های بازتحلیل ERA5 در برآورد پارامترهای دما و رطوبت در ایستگاه‌های جو بالای ایران

Ahmed, J. S., Buizza, R., Dell’Acqua, M., Demissie, T., & Pè, M. E. (2024). Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 136(3), 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-023-00965-2

Alexander, L. V. (2016). Global observed long-term changes in temperature and precipitation extremes: A review of progress and limitations in IPCC assessments and beyond. Weather and Climate Extremes, 11, 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.007

Bahrami, A., & Darand, M. (2025). Evaluation of spatio-temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation of ERA-5 database over Iran. Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 19(1), 27–46.

Bandhauer, M., Isotta, F., Lakatos, M., Lussana, C., Båserud, L., Izsák, B., Szentes, O., Tveito, O. E., & Frei, C. (2022). Evaluation of daily precipitation analyses in E-OBS (v19.0e) and ERA5 by comparison to regional high-resolution datasets in European regions. International Journal of Climatology, 42(2), 727–747. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7286

Biswas, S., Chand, S. S., Dowdy, A. J., Wright, W., Foale, C., Zhao, X., & Deo, A. (2022). Statistical calibration of long-term reanalysis data for Australian fire weather conditions. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 61(6), 729–758. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0123.1

Chen, T. C., Collet, F., & Di Luca, A. (2024). Evaluation of ERA5 precipitation and 10‐m wind speed associated with extratropical cyclones using station data over North America. International Journal of Climatology, 44(3), 729–747. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7996

Di Napoli, C., Barnard, C., Prudhomme, C., Cloke, H. L., & Pappenberger, F. (2021). ERA5-HEAT: A global gridded historical dataset of human thermal comfort indices from climate reanalysis. Geoscience Data Journal, 8(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.102

Frank, C. W., Wahl, S., Keller, J. D., Pospichal, B., Hense, A., & Crewell, S. (2018). Bias correction of a novel European reanalysis data set for solar energy applications. Solar Energy, 164, 12–24.

Gleixner, S., Demissie, T., & Diro, G. T. (2020). Did ERA5 improve temperature and precipitation reanalysis over East Africa? Atmosphere, 11(10), 996.

Gualtieri, G. (2021). Reliability of ERA5 reanalysis data for wind resource assessment: A comparison against tall towers. Energies, 14(14), 4169.

Heidari, S., Karimi, M., & Beyranvand, A. (2024). Evaluation of the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data in Iran's rainfall estimation and spatial analysis of the country's precipitation regime. Researches in Earth Sciences, 15(2). 1-24.

Javanshiri, Z., & Abbasi, F. (2025). Evaluation of ERA5-Land data in estimating monthly extreme temperature indices in Iran. Journal of Climate Research.

Javanshiri, Z., Falamarzi, Y. and Abbasi, F. (2025). Evaluation of the reliability of ERA5-Land data in assessing minimum and maximum daily temperatures in Iran (1991-2020). Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 51(1), 175-190. doi: 10.22059/jesphys.2025.378890.1007618

Karwat, A., Franzke, C. L. E., & Blender, R. (2022). Long-term trends of Northern Hemispheric winter cyclones in the extended ERA5 reanalysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127(21).

Majidi, F., Sabetghadam, S., Gharaylou, M., & Rezaian, R. (2025). Evaluation of the performance of ERA5, ERA5-Land and MERRA-2 reanalysis to estimate snow depth over a mountainous semi-arid region in Iran. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 58, 102246.

Muñoz-Sabater, J., Dutra, E., Agustí-Panareda, A., Albergel, C., Arduini, G., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Choulga, M., Harrigan, S., Hersbach, H., et al. (2021). ERA5-Land: A state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications. Earth System Science Data, 13(10), 4349-4383

Najafi, M. S., Alizadeh, O., & Sauter, T. (2025). Evaluation of gridded precipitation datasets over Iran. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 58, 102234.

Pegahfar, N. (2021). Climatic analysis of tropopause during the northwestern Indian Ocean tropical cyclones. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 93, 101195.

Pegahfar, N. (2024a). Evaluation of the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data in estimating multiple types of CAPE and CIN convective parameters in upper-air stations in Iran. Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 50(1), 231-249.

Pegahfar, N. (2024b). Evaluation of ERA5 reanalysis data in convective parameters estimation of vertical wind shear and lifted index using radiosonde data in Iran. Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 50(3), 743-761.

Pilguj, N., Taszarek, M., Allen, J. T., & Hoogewind, K. A. (2022). Are trends in convective parameters over the United States and Europe consistent between reanalyses and observations? Journal of Climate, 35(12), 3605–3626.

Poli, P., Hersbach, H., Dee, D. P., Berrisford, P., Simmons, A. J., Vitart, F., Laloyaux, P., Tan, D. G. H., Peubey, C., Thépaut, J.-N., et al. (2016). ERA-20C: An atmospheric reanalysis of the twentieth century. Journal of Climate, 29(11), 4083–4097.

Sianturi, Y., Marjuki, & Sartika, K. (2019). Evaluation of ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses to estimate solar irradiance using ground observations over Indonesia region. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2223, p. 020002.

Slocum, C. J., Razin, M. N., Knaff, J. A., & Stow, J. P. (2022). Does ERA5 mark a new era for resolving the tropical cyclone environment? Journal of Climate, 35(18), 7147–7164.

Taszarek, M., Brooks, H. E., Czernecki, B., Szuster, P., & Fortuniak, K. (2018). Climatological aspects of convective parameters over Europe: A comparison of ERA-Interim and sounding data. Journal of Climate, 31(11), 4281-4308.

Taszarek, M., Pilguj, N., Allen, J. T., Gensini, V., Brooks, H. E., & Szuster, P. (2021). Comparison of convective parameters derived from ERA5 and MERRA2 with rawinsonde data over Europe and North America. Journal of Climate, 34(8), 3211–3237.

Varga, Á. J & Breuer, H. (2022). Evaluation of convective parameters derived from pressure level and native ERA5 data and different resolution WRF climate simulations over Central Europe. Climate Dynamics, 58(6-5), 1559-1585.

WMO (2020). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, Volume 1: Measurement of

Meteorological Variables. WMO No.8.

Yan, X., Zhang, M., Yin, F., You, J., Chen, Y., & Gao, L. (2024). Multi-scale evaluation of ERA5 air temperature and precipitation data over the Poyang Lake Basin of China. Water, 16(21), 3123.

Yu, Y., Xiao, W., Zhang, Z., Cheng, X., Hui, F., & Zhao, J. (2021). Evaluation of 2-m air temperature and surface temperature from ERA5 and ERA-I using buoy observations in the Arctic during 2010–2020. Remote Sensing, 13(14), 2813.