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کارایی تولید انبوه قارچهای بیمارگر حشرات Beauveria bassiana،Metarhizium anisopliae،Purpureocillium lilacinum و Lecanicillium lecanii روی چند بستر طبیعی جامد | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 55، شماره 2، اسفند 1403، صفحه 295-310 اصل مقاله (1.68 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2025.402251.1007093 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه علینژاد1؛ رضا طلایی حسنلویی* 2؛ سیده معصومه زمانی3؛ حسن عسکری4؛ جاماسب نوزری5 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3بخش حمایت و حفاظت، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، تهران | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، تهران | ||
| 5گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کنترل زیستی با استفاده از قارچهای بیمارگر حشرات جایگزینی امیدبخش برای آفتکشهای شیمیایی است. کارایی آفتکشهای زیستی قارچی به بهینهسازی تولید انبوه کنیدیومها و حفظ زندهمانی آنها در دوره نگهداری بستگی دارد. در این مطالعه، میزان تولید کنیدیومها و درصد تندش چهار گونه قارچ بیمارگر حشرات شامل Beauveria bassiana B2، Metarhizium anisopliae M1، Purpureocillium lilacinum Ento1و Lecanicillium lecanii V198499 روی پنج بستر جامد پوسته برنج، گندم، سبوس گندم، ذرت خرد شده و جو پرک شده ارزیابی شد. جدایههای قارچی ابتدا در محیط مایع عصاره سیبزمینی کشت داده شدند. بسترهای جامد استریل و مایهزنی شده و در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس انکوبه شدند. پس از برداشت کنیدیومها، درصد تندش آنها تا 8 هفته (56 روز) ارزیابی شد. طبق نتایج حاصله، بستر جو پرک شده برای قارچهای B. bassiana،L. lecanii و P. lilacinum به ترتیب با 109× 3/5، 109× 6/3 و 109×8/2 کنیدیوم در هر گرم بیشترین تولید کنیدیومها را داشت. M. anisopliae بهترین عملکرد را روی بستر گندم (109× 6/4 کنیدیوم در هر گرم) داشت. در بین همه جدایهها، جو پرک شده بالاترین درصد تندش (98 درصد در ابتدا و 60 درصد پس از 56 روز) را حفظ کرد. از نظر اقتصادی، شاخص هزینه بستر به ازای تولید 109 کنیدیوم نشان داد که بستر جو پرکشده در هر چهار جدایه مورد بررسی، کمهزینهترین بستر کشت بود. در مقابل، بستر سبوس گندم در همه جدایهها، هزینه بیشتر و عملکرد زیستی پایینتری داشت. جو پرکشده به عنوان بستر بهینه برای تولید انبوه قارچهای بیمارگر مورد بررسی پیشنهاد میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آفتکش زیستی؛ تولید کنیدیوم؛ تخمیر در بستر جامد؛ زندهمانی کنیدیومها؛ بهینهسازی بستر کشت | ||
| مراجع | ||
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