پایش و آموزش مشارکتی محیط‌زیست شهری مبتنی بر متاورس و هوش مصنوعی: چارچوبی برای حکمرانی هوشمند در کرج

Almeman, K., EL Ayeb, F., Berrima, M., Issaoui, B., Morsy, H., 2025. The integration of AI and Metaverse in education: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences 15(2), 863.

Alotaibi, E., Nassif, N., 2024. Artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring: In-depth analysis. Discover Artificial Intelligence 4(1), 84.

Asraei, M. B., Arghan, A., Zand Moghadam, M.R., 2025. Analyzing the lived experience of the citizens of Karaj city focusing on the livability components. Geographical Space 24(88), 120-141. (In Persian)

Dwivedi, Y.K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A.M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M.M., Wamba, S.F., 2022. Metaverse research agenda: Defining the metaverse and its future directions. International Journal of Information Management 66, 102542.

Fadhel, M.A., Duhaim, A. M., Albahri, A.S., Albahri, O.S., Zaidan, A.A., Zaidan, B.B., Hashim, M., 2024. Navigating the metaverse: Unraveling the impact of artificial intelligence—A comprehensive review and gap analysis. Artificial Intelligence Review 57, 264.

Fan, Z., Yan, Z., Wen, S., 2023. Deep learning and artificial intelligence in sustainability: A review of SDGs, renewable energy, and environmental health. Sustainability 15(18), 13493.

Islam, M.R., Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., 2025. Artificial intelligence and big data in smart environmental monitoring systems. Environmental Informatics 22(2), 133-147.

Khodabakhshi, S., Ghorbani, R., 2023. Challenges of implementing data-driven governance in Iran’s metropolitan municipalities: Evidence from Karaj. Urban Governance Review 9(4), 243-261. (In Persian)

Ladi, T., Jabalameli, S., Sharifi, A., 2022. Applications of machine learning and deep learning methods for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 49(4), 1061-1077.

Lifelo, Z., Ding, J., Ning, H., Dhelim, S., 2024. Artificial intelligence-enabled Metaverse for sustainable smart cities: Technologies, applications, challenges, and future directions. Electronics 13(24), 4874.

Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Li, X., 2022. Digital twin-driven urban resilience: Applications and opportunities. Cities 124, 103605.

Ma, S., Chen, J., Guo, J., 2025. Artificial intelligence development and air pollution: Evidence from Chinese cities. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting 29(2), 41-60.

Makransky, G., Petersen, G.B., 2019. Investigating the process of learning with desktop virtual reality: A structural equation modeling approach. Computers & Education 134, 15-30.

Mystakidis, S., 2022. Metaverse: Definition, history, applications, and future directions. Education and Information Technologies 27, 1-20.

Ning, H., Wang, H., Lin, Y., Wang, Y., 2022. A survey on metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9(11), 9243-9255.

Nleya, S.M., Velempini, M., 2024. Industrial Metaverse: A Comprehensive Review, Environmental Impact, and Challenges. Applied Sciences 14(13), 5736.

Olawade, D., 2024. Artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring: Challenges and opportunities. Environmental Advances 12, 100375.

Parizadi, T., Hoseinkhani, H., 2024. Evaluation of Urban Prosperity (Case Study: Eight Districts of Karaj City). Journal of Urban Planning and Research 14(55), 301-318. (In Persian)

Park, S.M., Kim, Y.G., 2022. A structural model for the sustainable adoption of metaverse in higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 10234.

Patterson, D., Gonzalez, J.E., Le, Q., Liang, C., Munguia, L.M., Rothchild, D., So, D., Texier, M., Dean, J., 2021. Carbon emissions and large neural network training. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.10350.

Popescu, D., Petrescu, A., Ionescu, C., 2024. IoT and AI-based systems for pollution monitoring and prediction. Sensors 24(7), 2890.

Raman, K., Gupta, A., Lee, J., 2025. The role of Metaverse technologies in energy systems: Opportunities and risks. Energy Reports 11, 551-569.

Rohde, F., Wagner, M., Meyer, J., 2023. Broadening the perspective for sustainable AI: Comprehensive sustainability criteria and indicators. AI and Ethics 3(4), 489-505.

Rolnick, D., Donti, P.L., Kaack, L.H., Kochanski, K., Lacoste, A., Sankaran, K., Bengio, Y., 2022. Tackling climate change with machine learning. ACM Computing Surveys 55(2), 1-96.

Roy, A., 2025. Metaverse-based education for sustainable development. Technology in Society 74, 102562.

Shahraki, A. A., Rahmani, M., Amini, M., 2024. Institutional barriers to smart urban governance in Iranian mid-sized cities. Cities 148, 104611. (In Persian)

Sharifi, A., Ghanbari, A., Lim, C., 2025. Digital twins, AI and the Metaverse in sustainable urban governance. Sustainable Cities and Society 109, 105612.

Uribe, C., Martinez, J., Delgado, M., 2024. Comparing learning outcomes in Metaverse-based classrooms. Frontiers in Education 9, 1451859.

Venter, Z.S., Barton, D.N., Gundersen, V., Figari, H., Nowell, M., 2020. Urban nature in a time of crisis: Recreational use of green space increases during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oslo, Norway. Environmental Research Letters 15(10), 104075.

Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., 2022. A survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 24(1), 1-35.

Xu, M., Lim, W.Y.B., Xiong, Z., Niyato, D., Miao, C., Kim, D.I., 2023. Towards green metaverse networking technologies. IEEE Wireless Communications 30(1), 110-117.

Xu, X., Sun, Y., Liu, X., Wang, H., 2023. Edge intelligence in the metaverse: Architecture, applications, and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 10(15), 13429-13441.

Zeynali Azim, A., Nayeri, B., 2025. Metaverse spider-web urban design theory. International Journal of Innovation Studies 9(1), 1459-1478.

Zhang, Q., Lim, W., Kim, H., 2022. Towards green Metaverse networking technologies. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2211.03057.

Zhang, X., Chen, H., Liu, Q., 2024. AI-enabled smart governance for resilient urban ecosystems. Sustainable Cities and Society 110, 105089.

Zheng, Y., Yang, S., Cheng, J., 2022. Digital twin for sustainable cities: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society 76, 103415.

Ziari, K., Sharifi, A., Fattahi, F., 2024. Spatial hierarchy and metropolitan governance in Iranian large cities. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis 16(1), 87-104. (In Persian)