- آروین، عباسعلی. (1397). بررسی جزیره گرمایی در ارتباط با آلودگی هوا در شهر اصفهان. جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی، 7(1)، 129-115. https://doi.org/10.22067/geo.v7i1.64590
- شمسیپور، علیاکبر؛ مهدیان ماه فروزی، مجتبی؛ اخوان، هانیه و حسین پور، زینب. (1391). واکاوی رفتار روزانه جزیرة گرمایی شهر تهران. محیطشناسی، 38(63)، 56-45. doi: 10.22059/jes.2013.298
- صفرراد, طاهر. (1400). تحلیل تغییرات زمانی شدت جزیره گرمایی شبانه شهر تهران. پژوهشهای تغییرات اقلیمی،2 (8)، 55-65 doi: 10.30488/ccr.2021.319317.106,
- صلاحی، برومند؛ فروتن، مهدی و پاسبان، امیر حسام .(1403). واکاوی ارتباط آلودگیهای مناطق شهری با جزایر حرارتی شهرستان اردبیل. جغرافیا و روابط انسانی، 6(4)، 954-940. doi: 10.22034/gahr.2024.445528.2058
- عزیزی، قاسم؛ شمسیپور، علیاکبر؛ مهدیان ماه فروزی، مجتبی و میری، مرتضی. (1392). تأثیرپذیری شدت جزیرة گرمایی شهری تهران از الگوهای همدیدی جو. محیطشناسی، 39 (4)، 65-55. doi: 10.22059/jes.2014.36462.
- فلاحتی, فرشاد؛ حیدری سورشجانی، رسول و گنجی، محمد. (1402). تأثیر کالبد شهری بر فرهنگ شهروندی با رویکرد توسعه پایدار شهری در شهرهای کاشان و یاسوج. جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری، 10(1)، 124-103. doi: 10.22103/JUSG.2023.2091
- فیضاله پور، مهدی. (1402). برآورد دمای سطح زمین (LST) و مقایسه آن با شاخصهای NDMI، NDWI و NDVI بهمنظور بررسی تنش آبی با تأکید بر تغییرات کاربری اراضی (LULC) در سیستم ماشین بردار پشتیبانی (SVM) (منطقه موردمطالعه: تالاب انزلی. تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی، 10 (2)، 148-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jsaeh.10.2.131
- مرکز آمار ایران، 1395
- مسعودیان، سید ابوالفضل و منتظری، مجید. (1399). رفتار زمانی - مکانی جزیره گرمایی کلانشهر اصفهان. مخاطرات محیط طبیعی، 9 (24)، 46-35. https://doi.org/10.22111/jneh.2019.28437.1493
- نوربخش، مهرداد و نظرینژاد، امیر. (1401). بررسی ارتباط شاخصهای پوشش گیاهی NDVI و EVI با دمای سطح زمین در شهر تهران. جغرافیا و روابط انسانی، 1 (5)، 236-225. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26453851.1401.5.1.12.1
- Arvin, A. (2018). Investigation of the urban heat island in relation to air pollution in Isfahan city. Geography and Environmental Hazards, 7(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.22067/geo.v7i1.64590 [In Persian]
- Azizi, Q., Shamsipour, A. A., Mahdian Mahfrozi, M., & Miri, M. (2013). The influence of synoptic atmospheric patterns on the intensity of the urban heat island in Tehran. Journal of Environmental Studies, 39(4), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.22059/jes.2014.36462 [In Persian]
- Bechle, M. J., Millet, D. B., & Marshall, J. D. (2011). Effects of income and urban form on urban NO₂: Global evidence from satellites. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(11), 4914–4919. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103866b
- Budzik, G., Sylla, M., & Kowalczyk, T. (2025). Understanding urban cooling of blue–green infrastructure: A review of spatial data and sustainable planning optimization methods for mitigating urban heat islands. Sustainability, 17(1), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010142
- Das, M., & Das, A. (2020). Assessing the relationship between local climatic zones (LCZs) and land surface temperature (LST): A case study of Sriniketan–Santiniketan Planning Area (SSPA), West Bengal, India. Urban Climate, 32, 100591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100591
- Fallahati, F., Heydari Sureshjani, R., & Ganji, M. (2023). The impact of urban form on civic culture with a sustainable urban development approach in Kashan and Yasuj. Urban Social Geography, 10(1), 103–124. https://doi.org/10.22103/JUSG.2023.2091 [In Persian]
- Fayzollahpour, M. (2023). Estimation of land surface temperature (LST) and its comparison with NDMI, NDWI, and NDVI indices to assess water stress using support vector machine (SVM) with emphasis on land use/land cover changes (Case study: Anzali Wetland). Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards, 10(2), 131–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jsaeh.10.2.131 [In Persian]
- Grover, A., & Singh, R. B. (2015). Analysis of urban heat island (UHI) in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI): A comparative study of Delhi and Mumbai. Environments, 2(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2020125
- IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambridge University Press.
- Iran Statistical Center. (2016). National population and housing census. (In Persian)
- Kim, J., Yeom, S., & Hong, T. (2025). Analyzing the cooling effect, thermal comfort, and energy consumption of integrated arrangement of high-rise buildings and green spaces on urban heat island. Sustainable Cities and Society, 119, 106105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106105
- Li, S., Xu, L., Jing, Y., Yin, H., Li, X., & Guan, X. (2021). High-quality vegetation index product generation: A review of NDVI time series reconstruction techniques. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 105, 102640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102640
- Lowry, W. P., & Lowry, P. P. II. (2001). Fundamentals of biometeorology: Interactions of organisms and the atmosphere (Vol. 2). Peavine.
- Masoudian, S. A., & Montazeri, M. (2020). Spatio-temporal behavior of the urban heat island in the metropolitan area of Isfahan. Natural Environment Hazards, 9(24), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.22111/jneh.2019.28437.1493 [In Persian]
- Ma, X., & Peng, S. (2021). Assessing the quantitative relationships between impervious surface area and surface heat island effect during urban expansion. PeerJ, 9, e11854. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11854
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Exposure to nitrogen dioxide: Assessment and health consequences. National Library of Medicine.
- Ngarambe, J., Joen, S. J., Han, C.-H., & Yun, G. Y. (2021). Exploring the relationship between particulate matter, CO, SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and urban heat island in Seoul, Korea. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403, 123615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123615
- Norbakhsh, M., & Nazari-Nejad, A. (2022). Investigating the relationship between NDVI and EVI vegetation indices and land surface temperature in Tehran. Geography and Human Relations, 5(1), 225–236. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26453851.1401.5.1.12.1 [In Persian]
- Ogashawara, I., & Bastos, V. D. S. B. (2012). A quantitative approach for analyzing the relationship between urban heat islands and land cover. Remote Sensing, 4(11), 3596–3618. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113596
- Oke, T. R. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 108(455), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502
- Pesaresi, M., Schiavina, M., Politis, P., Freire, S., Krasnodębska, K., Uhl, J. H., et al. (2024). Advances on the global human settlement layer by joint assessment of Earth observation and population survey data. International Journal of Digital Earth, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2390454
- Rad, H. R., Khodaee, Z., & Ghiai, M. M. (2023). The impact of building height on microclimate characteristics of urban open spaces (Case study: Narmak neighborhood). International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.22068/ijaup.779
- Rahmani, N., & Sharifi, A. (2025). Urban heat dynamics in local climate zones (LCZs): A systematic review. Building and Environment, 267(Part B), 112225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112225
- Safarrad, T. (2021). Temporal analysis of nocturnal urban heat island intensity in Tehran. Climate Change Research, 2(8), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.30488/ccr.2021.319317.106 [In Persian]
- Safarrad, T., Ghadami, M., & Dittmann, A. (2022). Effects of COVID-19 restriction policies on urban heat islands in some European cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116579
- Salahi, B., Foroutan, M., & Pasban, A. H. (2024). Investigating the relationship between urban air pollution and heat islands in Ardabil County. Geography and Human Relations, 6(4), 940–954. https://doi.org/10.22034/gahr.2024.445528.2058 [In Persian]
- Setälä, H., Viippola, V., Rantalainen, A. L., Pennanen, A., & Yli-Pelkonen, V. (2013). Does urban vegetation mitigate air pollution in northern conditions?. Environmental Pollution, 183, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.010
- Shamsipour, A. A., Mahdian Mahfrozi, M., Akhavan, H., & Hosseinpour, Z. (2013). Analysis of the daily behavior of Tehran’s urban heat island. Journal of Environmental Studies, 38. https://doi.org/10.22059/jes.2013.29862 [In Persian]
- Shi, Z., Li, X., Hu, T., Yuan, B., Yin, P., & Jiang, D. (2023). Modeling the intensity of surface urban heat island based on impervious surface area. Urban Climate, 49, 101529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101529
- Shikwambana, L., Mhangara, P., & Mbatha, N. (2020). Trend analysis and first-time observations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in South Africa using TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 91, 102130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102130
- Vujovic, S., Haddad, B., Karaky, H., Sebaibi, N., & Boutouil, M. (2021). Urban heat island: Causes, consequences, and mitigation measures with emphasis on reflective and permeable pavements. CivilEng, 2(2), 459–484. https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng2020026
- Wang, M., & Xu, H. (2021). The impact of building height on urban thermal environment in summer. PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0247786. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247786
- Wei, Y., Lemoy, R., & Caruso, G. (2024). The effect of population size on urban heat island and NO₂ air pollution. City and Environment Interactions, 24, 100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100161
- Xi, C., Ren, C., Wang, J., Feng, Z., & Cao, S.-J. (2021). Impacts of urban-scale building height diversity on urban climates. Energy and Buildings, 251, 111350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111350
- Xi, Z., Li, C., Zhou, L., Yang, H., & Burghardt, R. (2023). Built environment influences on urban climate resilience. Science of the Total Environment, 859(Part 2), 160270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160270
- Zargari, M., Mofidi, A., & Entezari, A., (2024). Climatic comparison of surface urban heat island using satellite remote sensing in Tehran and suburbs. Scientific Reports, 14, 643. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50757-2
- Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2008). Relationships between the spatial extent of surface urban heat islands and urban characteristics. Sensors, 8(11), 7453–7468. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8117453
- Zhao, J., Chen, G., Yu, L., Ren, C., Xie, J., Chung, L., et al. (2023). Mapping urban morphology changes based on the local climate zone scheme. Urban Climate, 47, 101391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101391
- Zheng, S., Chen, X., & Liu, Y. (2023). Impact of urban renewal on urban heat island: Study of renewal processes and thermal effects. Sustainable Cities and Society, 99, 104995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104995.
-
|