پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 127 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 7,140 |
| تعداد مقالات | 76,847 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 154,488,390 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 116,544,963 |
Deciphering Dropout Factors: Using Fishbone Diagram (a Longitudinal Qualitative Research in the Faculty of Management at the University of Tehran) | ||
| Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies | ||
| دوره 19، شماره 2، تیر 2026، صفحه 379-399 اصل مقاله (810.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijms.2025.392635.677513 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ahmad Keykha* 1؛ Fereshteh Mohammadi2؛ Masoumeh Asefi3؛ Malihe Keykha4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Educational Administration, Department of Educational Administration, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Curriculum Development & Instruction Methods, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Learning, Education and Technology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland | ||
| 4Department of Engineering, Project Management, Department of Civil Engineering. Payam Noor University, Zahedan, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study investigates the underlying factors contributing to student dropout at the Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, over a seven-year period (2018–2024). Employing a longitudinal qualitative research design, the study focuses on all students who discontinued their studies during this timeframe. Data collection was conducted in two stages: Initially, through a comprehensive census of all dropout cases, followed by purposive random sampling to select a diverse group of students across different academic years. Semi-structured interviews were held with 23 former students, serving as the primary data source. The interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, guided by the Push, Pull, and Falling Out theoretical framework. Findings revealed two overarching categories of dropout factors: individual and non-individual. Individual factors encompassed four main themes and ten subthemes, while non-individual factors were divided into four main themes and eight subthemes. A fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram was employed to visually map the interrelations among these factors. Notably, socio-cultural norms and structural constraints emerged as the most deeply rooted and influential causes. The study concludes with policy and practical recommendations aimed at mitigating the dropout phenomenon within higher education institutions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Academic Decisions؛ Academic Performance؛ Dropout Students؛ Fishbone Diagram؛ Longitudinal Qualitative Research | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdollahi, Z., Barkhordari Sharif Abad, M., Nasiriani, K., & Fallahzadeh, H. (2020). Bullying behaviors in clinical settings from the perspective of nursing students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 20(83), 91–102. https://sid.ir/paper/416660/fa
Ahmadi, A., Khairatikazerooni, T (2019). Data mining dropout of the students of Payme Noor University in Tehran state to increase student retention rate (Preventing customer rejection). Quarterly Journal of Management of Governmental Organizations, 7(2), 47-58.
Aina, C., Baici, E., Casalone, G., & Pastore, F. (2022). The determinants of university dropout: A review of the socio-economic literature. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 79, 101102.
Aldowah, H., Al-Samarraie, H., Alzahrani, A. I., & Alalwan, N. (2020). Factors affecting student dropout in MOOCs: A cause and effect decision‐making model. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32, 429-454.
Álvarez-Pérez, P. R., López-Aguilar, D., González-Morales, M. O., & Peña-Vázquez, R. (2024). Academic engagement and dropout intention in undergraduate university students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 26(1), 108-125.
Alves, P., Lopes, A., Cruz-Correia, R., & Menezes, I. (2024). The interrupted journey: Factors and processes related to withdrawal, re-enrolment and dropout from doctoral education. Higher Education, 88(1), 225-242.
Armstrong, S. N., Early, J. O., Burcin, M. M., Bolin, K., Holland, N., & No, S. (2018). New media tools impact on online, health science students' academic persistence and support: Lessons learned from two pilot studies. TechTrends, 62, 266–275.
Atafar, A., & Azarbayjani, K. (2001). Examining the extent of meritocracy in the selection of public and private managers. Journal of Management Knowledge, 54, 38-15.
Baalmann, T., Brömmelhaus, A., Hülsemann, J., Feldhaus, M., & Speck, K. (2024). The impact of parents, intimate relationships, and friends on students’ dropout intentions. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 26(3), 923-947.
Batista, C., Costa, D. M., Freitas, P., Lima, G., & Reis, A. B. (2024). What matters for the decision to study abroad? A lab-in-the-field experiment in Cape Verde (No. 17096). IZA Discussion Papers.
Behr, A., Giese, M., Teguim Kamdjou, H. D., & Theune, K. (2020). Dropping out of university: A literature review. Review of Education, 8(2), 614-652.
Behr, A., Giese, M., Teguim Kamdjou, H. D., & Theune, K. (2021). Motives for dropping out from higher education—An analysis of bachelor's degree students in Germany. European Journal of Education, 56(2), 325-343
Bennett, D., Kajamaa, A., & Johnston, J. (2020). How to… do longitudinal qualitative research. The Clinical Teacher, 17(5), 489-492.
Berger, J. B. (2001). Understanding the organizational nature of student persistence: Empiricallybased recommendations for practice. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 3(1), 3–21.
Bicak, I. (2024). Course withdrawal behaviors and predictors of course withdrawal among college students. Research in Higher Education, 65(2), 354-377.
Buenaño, E., Beletanga, M. J., & Mancheno, M. (2024). What factors are relevant to understanding dropout? Analysis at a co-financed University in Ecuador and Policy Implications, using survival cox models. Journal of Latinos and Education, 23(4), 1400-1415.
Casanova, J. R., Vasconcelos, R., Bernardo, A. B., & Almeida, L. S. (2021). University dropout in Engineering: Motives and student trajectories. Psicothema, 33(4), 595–601.
Cham Asemani, M., Narenji Sani, F., Mirkamali, S. M., & Zolfaqarzadeh, M. M. (2023). Exploring causes of academic elite migration from the perspective of higher education functions in Iran: A systematic review (2002–2022). Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 17(1), 155–184.
Chenani, F., Al-Omraninejad, S. S., Baghfar, S., & Azarian, S. S. (2022). Causes and effects of academic dishonesty. Psychology and Educational Sciences Studies, 39(8), 112–122.
Cheraghi, H., Nazari, A., & Maghsoudi, M. (2022). Investigating labor activism in the political sphere of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Dimensions and approaches. Iranian Political Sociology Monthly, 5(5), 38–59.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
Demirbay, S. G., & Gündüz, F. F. (2024). An examination of the influential factors on the academic achievement of generation z students by fishbone method. Current Studies in Social Sciences VIII.
Eather, N., Mavilidi, M., Sharp, H., & Parkes, R. (2022). Programmes targeting student retention/success and satisfac-tion/experience in higher education: A systematic review. Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management, 44(3), 3,223–239.
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-115.
Eskandari Nejad, A., & Ghaffari, G. (2022). Analysis of military service suspension and university retention (Case study: University of Tehran students). Social Studies and Research in Iran, 11(3), 593–623.
Espinoza, O., Sandoval, L., González, L., Maldonado, K., Larrondo, Y., & Corradi, B. (2025). Reasons for university dropout in Chile: Does student gender play a role? Educational Review, 77(2), 562-577.
Fatima, K., Ullah, N., & Zafar, J. M. (2024). Identification of dropout reasons in public girls secondary schools in South Punjab Pakistan. International Journal of Trends and Innovations in Business & Social Sciences, 2(2), 183-192.
Ferreyra, M. M., Avitabile, C., Botero, J., Haimovich, F., & Urzúa, S. (2017). Momento decisivo: La educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe [Decisive Moment: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean]. Grupo Banco Mundial.
Gaikwad, D. Y., & Berad, D. N. (2015). Higher education in India: Challenges and opportunity. MET MANAGEMENT RETROSPECT.” A Biannual Management Research Journal of MET’s, Institute of Management, 2455-0841.
Galve-González, C., Bernardo, A. B., & Castro-López, A. (2024). Understanding the dynamics of college transitions between courses: Uncertainty associated with the decision to drop out studies among first and second year students. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(2), 959-978.
Garcés‐Delgado, Y., Fernández‐Esteban, M. I., Álvarez‐Pérez, P. R., & Conde‐Vélez, S. (2024). The process of adaptation to higher education studies and its relation to academic dropout. European Journal of Education, 59(3), e12650.
Ghasemzadeh, D., & Hoseini Sadr, S. (2022). Study of causes and contexts of academic demotivation among teacher training students in basic sciences: A qualitative approach. Research in Science Education, 1(4).
Goldasteh, A., Sohrabi, M & Azar, M. (2022). Investigating factors affecting students' decision to change of major in master's degree. Journal of Higher Education Letter, 15(59), 60-78
González-Campos, J. A., Carvajal-Muquillaza, C. M., and Aspeé-Chacón, J. E. (2020). Modeling of university dropout using Markov chains. Uniciencia, 34, 129–146.
Greenland, S. J., & Moore, C. (2022). Large qualitative sample and thematic analysis to redefine student dropout and retention strategy in open online education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(3), 647-667.
Gury, N. (2011). Dropping out of higher education in France: A microeconomic approach using survival analysis. Education Economics, 19(1), 51-64.
Habibi Babadi, A., Beheshti Far, M., & Kazemi, H. (2022). Identification and qualitative analysis of higher education challenges in Iran. Iranian Political Sociology Monthly, 5(11), 6346–6368.
Hanson, M. (2021). College dropout rates. Education Data Initiative. http://bit.ly/35NYxsg
Hauser, R. M., & Featherman, D. L. (1978). Opportunity and change. Academic.
Hefny, A. F., Albawardi, A., Khan, M. A., Fathi, M. A., & Mansour, N. A. (2024). Students’ perspectives on their early dropout of medical school. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1), 36.پ
Herbaut, E. (2021). Overcoming failure in higher education: Social inequalities and compensatory advantage in dropout patterns. Acta Sociologica, 64(4), 383-402.
Heublein, U. (2014). Student drop-out from German Higher Education institutions. European Journal of Education, 49(4), 497-513.
Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. (2024). Higher education statistics. https://irphe.ac.ir/page/833/آمار-آموزش-عالی
Iranian Migration Observatory. (2022). Iran migration statistical yearbook. https://imobs.ir/outlook/detail/22
Jafari, M., & Shariatnejad, A. (2022). Lack of meritocracy and weaknesses in transparency system implementation: Identifying and analyzing effective factors based on nepotism and cronyism. National Conference on Transparency Promotion. https://sid.ir/paper/1030945/fa
Jaksztat, S., Neugebauer, M., & Brandt, G. (2021). Back out or hang on? An event history analysis of dropout from doctoral education in Germany. Higher Education, 82(5), 937-958.
Jordan, W. J., Lara, J., & McPartland, J. M. (1994). Exploring the complexity of early dropout causal structures. Center for Research on Effective Schooling for Disadvantaged Students. The John Hopkins University.
Kalalahti, M., Põder, K., Lauri, T., Hemilä, P., & Skučienė, D. (2025). The student support system in mediating work-related dropout: A comparative analysis of four worlds of student funding. Studies in Higher Education, 1-24.
Karimi, J. (2022). A structural analysis of “higher education” as a social system: A qualitative study of Razi University. Journal of University Studies, 1(1), 89–124.
Kaur, M., Singh, M., & Saini, M. (2024). Analyzing the relation among different factors leading to Ph. D. dropout using numerical association rule mining. Education and Information Technologies, 29(1), 375-399.
Kavčič Pucihar, A., Habe, K., Rotar Pance, B., & Laure, M. (2024). The key reasons for dropout in Slovenian music schools–A qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1385840.
Kehm, B. M., Larsen, M. R., & Sommersel, H. B. (2019). Student dropoutfrom universities in Europe: A review of empirical literature. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 9(2), 147–164.
Keykha, A, Ezati, M, & Salehi, M. (2019). Entrepreneur university model design: Qualitative approach (Case study: University of Tehran). Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 22;21(83):51-77
Keykha, A. (2022). Exploration of causes and factors of graduate unemployment in higher education. Marine Sciences Education, 9(28), 21–39.
Keykha, A. (2024). Tuition fees and academic decisions: Unpacking the impact on the students of Tehran University's Management Faculties. Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), 17(3), 781-797.
Keykha, A., & Ezati, M. (2021). Identifying factors hindering ecosystem development, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial university. Innovation Management Journal, 10(2), 55-97.
Keykha, A., & Towfighi, J. (2021). Redefining the role of faculty members in higher education policy: A qualitative study using thematic analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 7(3), 55-76.
Keykha, A., Ezati, M., & Khodayari, Z. (2022). Identification of the barriers and factors affecting the quality of higher education in Allameh Tabataba’i University from the viewpoints of faculty members. Quality in Higher Education, 28(3), 326-344.
Keykha, A., Mohamadi, M. M., Kazemi, M., & Ghaemi, F. (2025). Exploring the mindset of Doctoral Candidates at the University of Tehran: An analysis from a causal layer perspective. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 18(1), 91-111.
Khaleghkhah, A., & Najafi, H. (2018). Examining the effect of factors (age, gender, university type, employment status) on academic motivation reduction using multilevel modeling. Career and Organizational Counseling, 10(35), 81–96.
Kocsis, Z., & Pusztai, G. (2020). Student employment as a possible factor of dropout. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 17(4), 183-199.
Laufer, M., & Gorup, M. (2019). The invisible others: Stories of international doctoral student dropout. Higher Education, 78(1), 165-181.
Li, J., Xue, E., Wei, Y., & He, Y. (2024). How popularising higher education affects economic growth and poverty alleviation: Empirical evidence from 38 countries. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1).
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Sage. Newbury Park.
Liu, H., Mao, M., Li, X., & Gao, J. (2025). Model interpretability on private-safe oriented student dropout prediction. Plos One, 20(3), e0317726.
Loder, A. K. F. (2024). Multiple enrollment policy: Clustering dropout and graduation constellations in psychology and sociology bachelor’s programs. Trends in Higher Education, 3(2), 373-407.
Lorenzo-Quiles, O., Galdón-López, S., & Lendínez-Turón, A. (2023, March). Factors contributing to university dropout: A review. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 8, p. 1159864). Frontiers Media SA.
Lykkegaard, E., & Qvortrup, A. (2024). Longitudinal mixed-methods analysis of tertiary students’ dropout considerations. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 9, p. 1399714). Frontiers Media SA.
Marôco, J., Assunção, H., Harju-Luukkainen, H., Lin, S. W., Sit, P. S., Cheung, K. C., ... & Campos, J. A. (2020). Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout? PLoS One, 15(10), e0239816.
Marongwe, N., Kariyana, I., & Mbodila, M. (2020). Determinants of student dropout in Rural South African Universities. Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa (JGIDA), 9(1), 109-130.
Mehrabi, S., Farokhzadian, J., Qadir, H. K., Bazrafshan, A., Dehesh, T., & Khoshnood, Z. (2025). Comparison of intention to immigration and relative factors among undergraduate nursing students at universities of medical sciences in Kerman, Iran and Erbil, Iraq in 2023. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 1-12.
Meilian, K., & Natasha, H. (2023). Using Fishbone diagram strategy on students’writing analytical exposition text. Indonesian Journal of Integrated English Language Teaching, 9(1), 86-99.
Melián, E., Reyes, J. I., & Meneses, J. (2024). The online PhD dropout: Narratives and meanings of withdrawal. Distance Education, 1-16.
Mesbahi, M., & Saberi, M. (2016). Identifying and ranking factors of student dropout: Case study of Payame Noor University, Kerman Center. In International Conference on New Horizons in Management, Accounting, Economics and Entrepreneurship. https://civilica.com/doc/567132
Mestan, K. (2016). Why students drop out of the Bachelor of Arts. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(5), 983-996.
Mussaiyib, A. M., & Pradhan, K. C. (2024). An empirical analysis of causal nexus between higher education and economic growth in BRICS countries. Transnational Corporations Review, 16(3), 200057.
Nadami, Y., Jalili Kamjou, Y., & Jalili Kamjou, S. P. (2018). Evaluating the impact of absolute and relative poverty on happiness inequality in Iran. Economic Modeling, 12(41), 1–26.
Naderi, A., Khodaei, E., Geraeinejad, G & Keykha, A (2023). Exploring the role of tuition on students' academic decisions: A meta-synthesis study. Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies, 13(43), 88-118.
Nagy, M., & Molontay, R. (2024). Interpretable dropout prediction: Towards XAI-based personalized intervention. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 34(2), 274-300.
Nieuwoudt, J. E., & Pedler, M. L. (2023). Student retention in Higher Education: Why students choose to remain at university. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 25(2), 326-349.
Nyamsuren, K., Gankhuyag, Z., Ganbaatar, J., & Marinescu, N. (2024). The importance of studying abroad for a sustainable education: Research on mongolian student opinions. Sustainability, 16(14), 6137.
OECD (2019). Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing.
OCDE. (2020). Education at a glance 2020: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/69096873-en
OCDE. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en
OECD (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/
Omona, J. (2013). Sampling in qualitative research: Improving the quality of research outcomes in higher education. Makerere Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 169-185
Orozco-Rodríguez, C., Viegas, C., Costa, A. R., Lima, N., & Alves, G. R. (2025). Dropout rate model analysis at an engineering school. Education Sciences, 15(3), 287.
Ortiz-Lozano, J. M., Rua-Vieites, A., Bilbao-Calabuig, P., & Casadesús-Fa, M. (2020). University student retention: Best time and data to identify undergraduate students at risk of dropout. Innovations in education and teaching international.
Pedler, M. L., Willis, R., & Nieuwoudt, J. E. (2021). A sense of belonging at university: Student retention, motivation and enjoyment. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46(3), 397–408.
Peng, C., & Xu, H. (2024). Universities and cities: The impact of higher education on urban innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Asian Economic Papers, 23(2), 33-56.
Puspita, L., Hidayah, N., Puspitasari, N., & Komarudin, K. (2023). The effect of STEM-Fishbone diagram learning on critical thinking ability and self-efficacy: A study on high school students. Phenomenon, 12(2), 270–281.
Ragheb, A., & Karami, M. (2024). Meta-synthesis of the causes of Iranian elite migration and preventive strategies. Journal of Iranian Population Association. https://doi.org/10.22034/jpai.2024.2023461.1332
Rahmani, A. M., Groot, W., & Rahmani, H. (2024). Dropout in online higher education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 19.
Ramezani Arani, M., Mohammadian Saravi, M., Sheykh Aleslami, N & Ashrafi, A (2024). The formation pattern of public dissatisfaction in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Environmental Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 8(1), 113-141.
Ravanshad, Y., Azarfar, A., Makarem, A., Emadzadeh, A., Gol Sorkhi, M., & Ravan Shad, S. (2019). Investigating the reasons for dropout from education among medical university residents. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Journal of Faculty of Medicine, 63(2), 2292–2299. https://sid.ir/paper/950696/fa
Rezaei, M. (2018). Evaluation, causes, and major consequences of the economic crisis in Iran. Financial Economics, 12(42), 201–227.
Sabtu, S. H., Matore, M. E. E. M., & Maat, S. M. (2023). Real-World application: Six sigma quality tools for continuous performance improvement in specific educational practices-a systematic review. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(9), 401-422.
Saeedmoosavi, L., & Azizi, N. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of policymaking in Iran's higher education system. Strategic and Macro Policies, 8(29), 166–184. https://doi.org/10.30507/jmsp.2020.102393
Shahsavari, A., & Eslahi, M. (2025). Dynamics of imbalanced higher education development: Analysing factors and policy implications. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 1-19.
Shahsavari-Pour, N., Darabi, L., & Zaer-Miri, S. (2023). Analysis of the employment status of Iranian public universities graduates and the governmental policy using system dynamics approach. Simulation, 99(1), 89-109.
Shirzad, Z., Rajaeepour, S., & Mehram, B. (2022). Explaining the challenges of Iran's higher education in facing globalization (A phenomenological study). Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 15(1), 105–128.
Sinaei, V. (2015). Students' attitude toward military service: A case study of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Political Science Journal, 11(1), 95–118.
Srairi, S. (2022). An analysis of factors affecting student dropout: The case of Tunisian Universities. International Journal of Educational Reform, 31(2), 168-186.
Sulong, N., & Othman, N. (2024). International student withdrawal–the lived experience of five Syrian students on visa renewal in Malaysia. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 46(4), 393-408.
Tajroshan, N., & Zoroufi, M. (2015). Investigating the relationship between social and cultural factors and students’ academic major selection: The case of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Sociological Studies, 8(27), 81–97.
Tavares, O., Antunes, M. J., Luz, A. R., & Sá, C. (2025). The nexus of student dropout: insights from course directors in Portuguese higher education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 1-15.
Tayebi, A., Gómez, J., & Delgado, C. (2021). Analysis on the lack of motivation and dropout in engineering students in Spain. IEEE Access, 9, 66253-66265.
Tinto, V. (1992). Student attrition and retention. The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, 3, 1697–1709.
Torabizadeh, M., Hatef, M., Shakurnia, A., & Khajeali, N. (2025). Investigating the extent and causes of immigration tendency among medical graduates of Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 557.
Toyon, M. A. S. (2024). Sociodemographic attributes and dropout intentions of working university students: Evidence from Estonia. Societies, 14(7), 116.
Trinh, N. T. H. (2023). Higher education and its role for national development: A research agenda with bibliometric analysis. Interchange, 54(2), 125-143.
Tuero, E., Bernardo, A. B., Blanco, E., & Vázquez-Merino, D. (2024). University dropout and transfer intention, what is the influence of resilience and social adaptation on the two types of dropout? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 15210251241268812.
UNESCO. (2022, August 16). How many students are at risk of not returning to school? http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en
United Nations (2020). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
University of Tehran. (2020–2021). Statistical yearbook of the University of Tehran. https://news.ut.ac.ir/file/download/news/1627895241-1627840474-salnameh-29-tir-1400-e20.pdf
Valencia Quecano, L. I., Guzmán Rincón, A., & Barragán Moreno, S. (2024). Dropout in postgraduate programs: A underexplored phenomenon–a scoping review. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2326705.
Vallerand, R. J., & Bissonnette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: A prospective study. Journal of Personality, 60, 599–620
Venegas-Muggli, J. I. (2020). Higher education dropout of non-traditional mature freshmen: The role of sociodemographic characteristics. Studies in Continuing Education, 42(3), 316-332.
Vershitskaya, E.R., Mikhaylova, A.V., Gilmanshina, S.I. et al. (2020). Present-day management of universities in Russia: Prospects and challenges of e-learning. Educ Inf Technol, 25, 611–621
Wahyudi, I. (2024). Improving students’ writing ability through fishbone method at class VII. 1 of SMP Negeri 1 Tongauna. Innovative. Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 11416-11425.
Watt, D., & Roessingh, H. (1994). Some you win, most you lose: Tracking ESL dropout in high school (1988-1993). English Quarterly, 26, 5-7.
Xavier, M. & Meneses, J. (2021). The tensions between student dropout and flexibility in learning design: The voices of professors in open online higher education. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 72–88.
Yaghi, A. (2024). Examining dropout among graduate and undergraduate public affairs and political science students. Journal of Political Science Education, 1-25.
Zarei, A., Molahi, A., Zarei, F., Vazirzadeh, Y., & Zarei, K. (2023). Factors influencing student migration abroad. Payashahr Monthly, 5(54).
Zeraatkish, Y. (2020). Investigating factors contributing to the inefficiency of student selection and admission in Iran. Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 285 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 276 |
||
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب