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بررسی تأثیر فرسایش آبی بر تغییرات ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در حوضه آبخیز منزلاب، شهرستان زاهدان | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 7، مهر 1404، صفحه 1781-1798 اصل مقاله (1.66 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2025.395713.669946 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی صابری* 1؛ محمدرضا دهمرده قلعه نو2؛ رسول خطیبی3؛ وحید کریمیان4 | ||
| 1گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. | ||
| 3گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل. زابل، ایران. | ||
| 4گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج. یاسوج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش، تأثیر فرسایش آبی بر تغییرات ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در حوضه آبخیز منزلاب، بهعنوان واحد مطالعاتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونهبرداری خاک (عمق ۳۰-۰ سانتیمتر) در چهار وضعیت شامل بدون فرسایش، فرسایش کم، فرسایش متوسط و شدید در پلاتهای با ابعاد مشخص انجام شد. پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل بافت خاک، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، تخلخل، محتوی رطوبت خاک، اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، آهک، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس برای ارزیابی عملکرد کلی خاک اندازهگیری شد. شاخصهای زیستی خاک شامل فعالیت آنزیمی خاک، کربن و نیتروژن زیتوده میکروبی، جمعیت میکروارگانیسمها، سهم میکروبی خاک و تنفس میکروبی پایه اندازهگیری گردید. آنالیز دادهها تحت تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه با سه تکرار با نرمافزار SPSS انجام گرفت. یافتههای حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که شدت فرسایش تأثیر معنیداری بر تمامی ویژگیهای فیزیکیو شیمیایی و زیستی خاک دارد. با افزایش شدت فرسایش کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، مقدار پتاسیم، فسفر و تخلخل خاک کاهش یافت. برخلاف عناصر غذایی، اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی و آهک و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک با افزایش شدت فرسایش بهطور معنیداری افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که شدت فرسایش تأثیر قابلتوجهی بر کلیه شاخصهای زیستی دارد. شدت فرسایش، روند کاهشی معنیداری بر تمامی پارامترهای زیستی داشت که نشاندهنده افت کیفیت زیستی و اختلال در فعالیت میکروبی خاک است. به طور کلی تغییرات در ویژگی های میکروبیوتای خاک به شدت با تغییرات ناشی از فرسایش در خصوصیات فیزیکیوشیمیایی خاک مرتبط است. بنابراین، انجام اقدامات حفاظتی و مدیریتی مؤثر قبل از تخریب بیشتر در مناطق فرسایشی توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تنوع میکروبی خاک؛ حاصلخیزی خاک؛ شدت فرسایش؛ کیفیت زیستی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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