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طراحی مدل قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه در کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط | ||
| فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی | ||
| دوره 18، شماره 5، بهمن 1404، صفحه 106-145 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jed.2025.396936.654539 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدعلی نژادیان1؛ سید رسول حسینی* 2؛ محمد خدابخش3 | ||
| 1گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: مربیگری کارآفرینانه، مداخله توسعهای برای کارآفرینانی است که در مراحل مختلف فرایند کارآفرینانه بر اساس یک رابطه مشارکتی با یک مربی حرفهای شکل میگیرد. اهمیت مربیگری کارآفرینانه در توانایی آن برای تقویت تابآوری و بهبود نتایج عملکردی کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط نهفته است. قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه به حمایت و راهنمایی ساختاریافتهای اشاره دارد که به کارآفرینان ارائه میشود تا تصمیمگیری، رهبری و عملکرد کلی کسبوکار خود را بهبود بخشند. از آنجایی که کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط بهعنوان موتورهای محرک اصلی رشد اقتصادی شناخته میشوند، مربیگری مؤثر بهطور فزایندهای حیاتی شده است تا به این کسبوکارها کمک کند تا از چالشهای پیچیده بازار عبور کنند و از فرصتهای نوآوری و توسعه بهرهبرداری نمایند. این پژوهش با هدف طراحی مدل قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه انجام شده است. روش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری اطلاعات از روش اسنادی فراترکیب استفاده نموده است. برای اجرای آن از روش هفت مرحلهای سندوسکی و باروسو (2007) استفاده شده است. پارامترهای پژوهش شامل سوالات (قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه برای مربیان کدامند؟ قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه برای متربیان کدامند؟)، جامعه هدف (پایگاه اسکوپوس)، محدوده زمانی مطالعه (2012-2024) و روش مطالعه (استفاده از راهبردهای جستوجوی اینترنتی) تعیین شدند. کلیدواژههای مورداستفاده در این پژوهش قابلیت، مربیگری، مربیگری کارآفرینانه، قابلیت مربیگری کارآفرینانه و کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط بوده است. نتیجهی جستوجو، تعداد بالغ بر 3456 کلیدواژه از مقالههای انگلیسی بود. مقالات نامناسب طی 3 مرحله تعیین شدند. در نهایت تعداد 62 مقاله بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. از ابزار «CASP» جهت ارزیابی مطالعات استفاده شد. همچنین، برای سنجش پایایی روش فراترکیب از نظر کدگذاریهای انجام شده، از روش ضریب پایایی هولستی استفاده شد. با استخراج مفاهیم و اجرای مراحل کدگذاری، پنل خبرگی متشکل از سه تن از خبرگان دانشگاهی تشکیل شد و به بررسی کدهای اولیه و مقولات پرداختند و در نهایت چارچوبی مفهومی از مقولات پیشنهاد شد. یافتهها: در این مطالعه مدل قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه در کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط مورد تجزیهوتحلیل قرار گرفت. ابعاد و مولفههای مدل مذکور بر اساس روش فراترکیب شناسایی و استخراج شدند. نتایج فراترکیب نشان داد در ادبیات موجود قابلیتهای مربیگری کارآفرینانه در دو بعد مربی و متربی قابل شناسایی بودند. در پایان فرایند کدگذاری باز 262 مفهوم برچسبگذاری شد و در مرحله کدگذاری محوری، با بررسی دوباره مفاهیم، مقولات فرعی شناسایی و دستهبندی شدند و در این مرحله تعداد 53 مولفه از بین 262 کد باز استخراج شد. در مرحله سوم کدگذاری انتخابی، مولفههای شناسایی شده در مرحله کدگذاری محوری در 14 بعد اصلی تحلیل و دستهبندی شدند. قابلیتهای متربیان شامل 6 بعد مهارتهای کارآفرینانه، قابلیتهای روانشناختی، قابلیتهای راهبردی، قابلیتهای عملیاتی، قابلیتهای شناختی، دانش با 20 مولفه و 103 شاخص بود. قابلیتهای مربیان شامل 8 بعد دانش تخصصی، مهارتها، قابلیتهای عملیاتی، قابلیتهای عاطفی، قابلیتهای ارتباطی، قابلیتهای عملکردی، قابلیتهای فردی، قابلیتهای شناختی با 33 مولفه و 159 شاخص بود. در نهایت، روابط بین قابلیتها در چهار دسته قابلیت کلیدی انتقال دانش و مهارت، رشد روانشناختی، توانمندسازی راهبردی و حمایت و توسعه فردی دستهبندی شد. نتیجه: مطالعه حاضر نشان میدهد که مربیگری کارآفرینانه از طریق چهار قابلیت کلیدی توانمندسازی راهبردی، رشد روانشناختی، انتقال دانش و مهارت، و حمایت و توسعه فردی، تأثیر عمیقی بر موفقیت متربیان دارد. در این میان، توانمندسازی راهبردی بهعنوان هسته اصلی، نقش تعیینکنندهای در هدایت عملی کارآفرینان ایفا میکند، درحالیکه رشد روانشناختی و حمایت فردی بستر لازم برای تابآوری و انگیزه را فراهم میسازند. انتقال دانش نیز پلی میان تئوری و عمل ایجاد میکند. این تعامل پویا بین قابلیتها، اثربخشی مربیگری را در کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط تضمین مینماید. بنابراین، توسعه برنامههای مربیگری باید بر تقویت یکپارچه این ابعاد تمرکز کند تا کارآفرینان را بهصورت همهجانبه توانمند سازد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مربیگری کارآفرینانه؛ قابلیت مربیگری کارآفرینانه؛ کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط | ||
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