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Khamees, Loay, H. Abdul-Majeed, Ghassan, Alhaleem, Ayad. (1404). A Review of Improving the Heavy Crude Oil Transportation Process Using Additives. , 59(2), 291-338. doi: 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596
Loay Ahmed Khamees; Ghassan H. H. Abdul-Majeed; Ayad A. Alhaleem. "A Review of Improving the Heavy Crude Oil Transportation Process Using Additives". , 59, 2, 1404, 291-338. doi: 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596
Khamees, Loay, H. Abdul-Majeed, Ghassan, Alhaleem, Ayad. (1404). 'A Review of Improving the Heavy Crude Oil Transportation Process Using Additives', , 59(2), pp. 291-338. doi: 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596
Khamees, Loay, H. Abdul-Majeed, Ghassan, Alhaleem, Ayad. A Review of Improving the Heavy Crude Oil Transportation Process Using Additives. , 1404; 59(2): 291-338. doi: 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596

A Review of Improving the Heavy Crude Oil Transportation Process Using Additives

Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
مقاله 8، دوره 59، شماره 2، اسفند 2025، صفحه 291-338    اصل مقاله (1.59 M)
نوع مقاله: Review paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jchpe.2025.390285.1596
نویسندگان
Loay Ahmed Khamees* 1؛ Ghassan H. H. Abdul-Majeed2؛ Ayad A. Alhaleem2
1Department of Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
2College of Engineering, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
چکیده
Transporting heavy crude oil from the wellhead to the oil refineries. It is essential because worldwide oil production is on the rise. These oils are characterized by high viscosity and low API gravity. Due to these specifications, the flow of oil through pipelines is complex, and to facilitate its transportation, it must be treated. In this paper, the additives that reduce the viscosity and density of crude oil and reduce the asphalt materials in it, which, if their percentage increases, are deposited in the transport pipelines. Additives are not only to reduce the viscosity and density of heavy oils, but their use aims to reduce the content of asphalt and sulfur materials and as a result of all this friction and pressure losses between crude oil and pipes will be reduced during transportation, with a decrease in viscosity and density of crude oil will increase its movement, and with a reduction in sulfur content will reduce corrosion that causes severe damage to pipes. Solvents (such as naphtha, toluene, gasoline, and kerosene), surfactants (including petroleum sulfonates and polymeric surfactants), and nanoparticles (like Al2O3 and Fe2O3) are the key additives that enable this enhancement and optimization for the transportation of crude oil through pipelines. One of the essential additions that improves heavy crude oil is the addition of solvents with low viscosity and density. These solvents reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil, decrease the proportion of metals such as nickel and vanadium, and lower the sulfur content in crude oil.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Heavy Crude Oil؛ Improving؛ Nanoparticle؛ Transportation؛ Upgrading
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