The effect of surgical and N95 mask use during maximal exercise on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses in healthy men

Banimehdi Dehkordi, Reza; Jafari, Akram; Bagheri, Laleh

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.385453.1168

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	The effect of surgical and N95 mask use during maximal exercise on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses in healthy men
Sport Sciences and Health Research
مقاله 9، دوره 17، شماره 1، فروردین 2025، صفحه 97-105 اصل مقاله (274.57 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/sshr.2024.385453.1168
نویسندگان
Reza Banimehdi Dehkordi¹؛ Akram Jafari^* ¹؛ Laleh Bagheri²
¹1- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
²2- PhD in Exercise Physiology, Shahrekord University, Physical Education Teacher of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده
Background: The effects of wearing common masks during maximal exercise activities on individuals remain unclear. Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of wearing surgical and N-95 masks on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses in healthy men performing a maximal shuttle run test. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy men (age 23.78 ± 2.0) participated in three sessions: without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N-95 mask, with a one-week interval between each session. After each test, physiological variables (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and oxygen saturation), perceptual variables (comfort/discomfort and perceived exertion), and performance variables (maximum oxygen consumption and shuttle run test duration) were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare differences between the conditions. Results: Significant differences were observed between the conditions with and without a mask in terms of oxygen saturation (P= 0.043), blood lactate concentration (P= 0.026), and perceived exertion, maximum oxygen consumption, and shuttle run test duration (P= 0.001), with the no-mask condition demonstrating superior outcomes in all variables. The type of mask (surgical or N-95) did not significantly affect the measured variables. Wearing both masks led to an increased sensation of moisture, heat, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Conclusion: Wearing masks, especially during intense physical activities, may impair physiological and performance metrics, recommending mask-free outdoor settings when feasible.
کلیدواژه‌ها
COVID-19؛ exercise؛ masks؛ pandemic
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مراجع
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The effect of surgical and N95 mask use during maximal exercise on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses in healthy men

[1] Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M, et al. "Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity". Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2020; 109(12): 1522-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01704-y.

[4] Zheng C, Poon ET-C, Wan K, Dai Z, Wong SH-S. "Effects of wearing a mask during exercise on physiological and psychological outcomes in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Sports Medicine. 2023; 53(1): 125-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01746-4.

[5] Li Y, Tokura H, Guo Y, Wong A, Wong T, Chung J, Newton E. "Effects of wearing N95 and surgical facemasks on heart rate, thermal stress and subjective sensations". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2005; 78: 501-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-004-0584-4

[6] Hua D, Xu Y, Heiduschka P, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zeng X, et al. "Retina vascular perfusion dynamics during exercise with and without face masks in healthy young adults: An OCT angiography study". Translational Vision Science & Technology. 2021; 10(3): 23. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.23.

[7] Alkan B, Ozalevli S, Akkoyun Sert O. "Maximal exercise outcomes with a face mask: The effects of gender and age differences on cardiorespiratory responses". Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2022; 191(5): 2231-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02861-3.

[9] Chandrasekaran B, Fernandes S. “Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?–A physiological hypothesis". Medical Hypotheses. 2020; 144: 110002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110002.

[10] Person E, Lemercier C, Royer A, Reychler G. "Effect of a surgical mask on six minute walking distance". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires. 2018; 35(3): 264-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2017.01.010.

[11] Poon ET-C, Zheng C, Wong SH-S. "Effect of wearing surgical face masks during exercise: Does intensity matter?". Frontiers in Physiology. 2021; 12: 775750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.775750.

[12] Valenzuela PL, Simpson RJ, Castillo-García A, Lucia A. “Physical activity: A coadjuvant treatment to COVID-19 vaccination?”. Brain, Behavior and Immunity. 2021; 94: 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.003.

[13] Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. “Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey”. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583.

[15] Shurlock J, Muniz-Pardos B, Tucker R, Bachl N, Papadopoulou T, Holloway G, et al. “Recommendations for face coverings while exercising during the COVID-19 pandemic”. Sports Medicine-Open. 2021; 7: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00309-7.

[16] Leger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. “The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness”. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1988; 6(2): 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418808729800.