Finding Financing Risk Factors in Indonesian Islamic Banks: A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach

Abbas, F., & Ali, S. (2021). Economics of Loan Growth, Credit Risk and Bank Capital in Islamic Banks. Kybernetes. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2021-0232

Abbas, M. H., & Ali, H. (2019). An Empirical Study of Shari’ah Compliance in Islamic Banks of Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Finance, 8(2), 21–30.

Abeyratne, S., & Cooray, N. S. (2017). Trade and Spatial Growth: The Nexus that Was Not Missing. South Asia Economic Journal, 18(1), 94–111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1391561416684257

Adesina, O. D., & Olatise, F. A. (2019). Effect of Federal Government Deposit on the Core Banking Activity. The Beam: Journal of Arts & Science, 12(1), 1–11.

Adler (USA), N. J., Sackmann (Switzerland), S. A., Arieli (Israel), S., Akter (Bangladesh), M. (Mimi), Barmeyer (Germany), C., Barzantny (France), C., Caprar (Australia and New Zealand), D. V., Lee (Taiwan), Y., Liu (China), L. A., Magnani (Italy), G., Marcus (Turkey), J., Miska (Austria), C., Moore (United Kingdom), F., Park (South Korea), S. H., Reiche (Spain), B. S., Søderberg (Denmark and Sweden), A.-M., Solomons (Rwanda), J., & Zhang (China), Z.-X. (2022). The Grand Challenge None of Us Chose: Succeeding (and Failing) Against the Global Pandemic. In J. Osland, M. E. Mendenhall, R. S. Reiche, & B. Szkudlarek (Eds.), Advances in Global Leadership (3–85). Emerald Publishing Limited. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/S1535-120320220000014002

Africa, L. A. (2016). Financial Distress for Bankruptcy Early Warning by the Risk Analysis on Go-Public Banks in Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 19(2), 259. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v19i2.542

Agustin, H., Rosyadi, M. I., & Rahman, F. A. (2021). Islamic Financial Theory in Overcoming Economic Crisis Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Hunan University)Natural Sciences), 48(5). Retrieved from http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/580

Ahmed, H. (2009). Financial Crisis: Risks and Lessons for Islamic Finance. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 1(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v1i1.69

Ahmed, H., & Khan, T. (2007). Risk Management in Islamic Banking. In Handbook of Islamic Banking (pp. 144–158). Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205414.00019

Akram, H., & Rahman, K. U. (2018). Credit Risk Management. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 185–205. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-09-2017-0030

Alabdullah, T. T. Y., Ahmed, E. R., & Nor, M. I. (2020). The World Declining Economy and Coronavirus Pandemic: Systems Should Be Continued. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 102(6), 89–96. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2020-06.11

Aldasoro, I., Fender, I., Hardy, B., & Tarashev, N. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 on the Banking Sector: The Market’s Assessment. Bank for International Settlements, 12.

Ali, M., Khattak, M. A., & Alam, N. (2021). Credit Risk in Dual Banking Systems: Does Competition Matter? Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Emerging Markets. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-01-2020-0035

Alqahtani, F., & Mayes, D. G. (2017). The Global Financial Crisis and Islamic Banking: The Direct Exposure to the Crisis. Banks and Bank Systems, 12(3), 100–112. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(3).2017.08

Alsharari, N. M., & Alhmoud, T. R. (2019). The Determinants of Profitability in Sharia -Compliant Corporations: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(4), 546–564. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2016-0055

Alzoubi, T. (2017). Determinants of Liquidity Risk in Islamic Banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 12(3), 142–148. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(3).2017.10

Amiti, M., Mcguire, P., & Weinstein, D. E. (2017). Supply- and Demand- Side Factors in Global Banking. BIS Working Papers, 639, Retrieved from https://www.bis.org/publ/work639.pdf

Anginer, D., & Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2018). Bank Runs and Moral Hazard: A Review of Deposit Insurance. Policy Research Working Paper, 8589(September), Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8589

Ansong, D., Chowa, G., & Adjabeng, B. K. (2015). Spatial Analysis of the Distribution and Determinants of Bank Branch Presence in Ghana. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(3), 201–222. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2013-0103

Ardianti, D., Pramoedyo, H., & Nurjannah, N. (2021). Distance Weight of GWR-Kriging Model for Stunting Cases in East Java. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1968(1), 012028. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1968/1/012028

Arsyianti, L. D., & Kassim, S. (2021). Charity and Debt Behaviors Comparison: Perception of Low-Income Households. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 37(4), 535–558. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2019-0020

Ascarya. (2013). Solutions to Prevent Financial Crisis in Islamic Economic Perspective: ANP Approach. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2013.078

Asnawi, N., Wicaksono, A. T. S., & Setyaningsih, N. D. (2020). Measuring the Economic Islamicity Index in the Archipelagic Indonesia: Does Spatial Role Affect it? Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1), 3464–3489.

Atalan, A. (2020). Is the Lockdown Important to Prevent the COVID-9 Pandemic? Effects on Psychology, Environment and Economy-Perspective. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 56(June), 38–42. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010

Aum, S., Lee, S. Y. (Tim), & Shin, Y. (2021). COVID-19 doesn’t Need Lockdowns to Destroy Jobs: The Effect of Local Outbreaks in Korea. Labour Economics, 70(February), 101993. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.101993

Avetisyan, S. (2021). Does Worsening of Technology Drive Non-Performing Loans? SSRN Electronic Journal, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3904638

Bagus Wiranatakusuma, D., Yuliadi, I., & Victhori, I. (2020). Risk Analyses on Islamic Banks in Indonesia. In Banking and Finance (225–240), Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92245

Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593–1636. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024

Baret, S., Celner, A., Reilly, M. O., & Shilling, M. (2020). COVID-19 potential implications for the banking and capital markets sector: Maintaining business and operational resilience.

Bari, S. (2022). Using An Effective Online Learning Media on Student’s Outcome. JOEY: Journal of English Ibrahimy, 1(1), 54–60. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.35316/joey.2022.v1i1.54-60

Barua, B., & Barua, S. (2021). COVID-19 Implications for Banks: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. SN Business & Economics, 1(1), 19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-020-00013-w

Bassett, W., Demiralp, S., & Lloyd, N. (2020). Government Support of Banks and Bank Lending. Journal of Banking & Finance, 112(1611), 105177. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.07.010

Beirne, J., Morgan, P. J., & Sonobe, T. (2021). COVID 19 Impacts and Policy Options: An Asian Perspective (ADBI Serie). Asian Development Bank Institute, Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/739596/covid-19-impacts-and-policy-options-web.pdf

Bekaert, G., Engstrom, E., & Ermolov, A. (2020). Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Effects of COVID-19: A Real-time Analysis. Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 2020(049). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2020.049

Bilgin, M. H., Danisman, G. O., Demir, E., & Tarazi, A. (2021). Economic Uncertainty and Bank Stability: Conventional vs. Islamic Banking. Journal of Financial Stability, 56(November 2020), 100911. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100911

Blustein, D. L., Duffy, R., Ferreira, J. A., Cohen-Scali, V., Cinamon, R. G., & Allan, B. A. (2020). Unemployment in the Time of COVID-19: A Research Agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119(May), 103436. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103436

Bojinov, B. V. (2016). Risk Management in the Banking Basic Principles and Approaches. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2905821

Boratyńska, K. (2021). A New Approach for Risk of Corporate Bankruptcy Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(12), 590. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120590

Bourdin, S. (2019). Does the Cohesion Policy Have the Same Influence on Growth Everywhere? A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic Geography, 95(3), 256–287. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2018.1526074

BPS-Statistics Indonesia. (2022). Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html

Central Intelligence Agency. (2019). The CIA World Factbook 2019-2020. Skyhorse Publishing.

Cepel, M., Gavurova, B., Dvorsky, J., & Belas, J. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Perception of Business Risk in the SME Segment. Journal of International Studies, 13(3), 248–263. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2020/13-3/16

Chalid, F. I., & Bella, F. I. (2021). Determinant of Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks in Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Al-Amwal : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syari’ah, 13(2), 239. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v13i2.9072

Charlton, M., & Fotheringham, A. S. (2009). Geographically Weighted Regression: White Paper. Strategic Research Cluster Grant, 07/SRC/I1168, Retrieved from https://gwr.maynoothuniversity.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/GWR_WhitePaper.pdf

Chen, D.-R., & Truong, K. (2012). Using Multilevel Modeling and Geographically Weighted Regression to Identify Spatial Variations in the Relationship between Place-Level Disadvantages and Obesity in Taiwan. Applied Geography, 32(2), 737–745. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.018

Chen, H., & Strathearn, M. (2020). A Spatial Panel Model of Bank Branches in Canada (175–204). In Á. de Paula, E. Tamer, & M. Voia (Eds.), The Econometrics of Networks (Advances in Econometrics), 42. Emerald Publishing Limited. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-905320200000042012

Chen, N., Wang, C.-H., & Akar, G. (2017). Geographically Weighted Regression Approach to Investigate Spatial Variations in Activity Space. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2671(1), 40–50. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3141/2671-05

Chen, Z. L., Zhang, Q., Lu, Y., Guo, Z. M., Zhang, X., Zhang, W. J., Guo, C., Liao, C. H., Li, Q. L., Han, X. H., & Lu, J. H. (2020). Distribution of the COVID-19 Epidemic and Correlation with Population Emigration from Wuhan, China. Chinese Medical Journal, 133(9), 1044–1050. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000782

Cho, S.-H., Lambert, D. M., & Chen, Z. (2010). Geographically Weighted Regression Bandwidth Selection and Spatial Autocorrelation: An Empirical Example Using Chinese Agriculture Data. Applied Economics Letters, 17(8), 767–772. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802314452

Christelis, D., Georgarakos, D., Jappelli, T., & Kenny, G. (2020). The COVID-19 Crisis and Consumption: Survey Evidence from Six EU Countries. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2507. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3751097

Chun, H., Chi, S., & Hwang, B. (2017). A Spatial Disaster Assessment Model of Social Resilience Based on Geographically Weighted Regression. Sustainability, 9(12), 2222. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122222

Cooper, C. R., Mullins, M., & Weinstock, L. R. (2021). COVID-19 : Household Debt During the Pandemic. Retrieved from https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R46578.pdf

Cozzi, G., Zanchi, C., Giangreco, M., Rabach, I., Calligaris, L., Giorgi, R., Conte, M., Moressa, V., Delise, A., & Poropat, F. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy on a Paediatric Emergency Setting. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 109(10), 2157–2159. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15454

Crocco, M., Faria-Silva, F., Paulo-Rezende, L., & Rodríguez-Fuentes, C. J. (2014). Banks and Regional Development: An Empirical Analysis on the Determinants of Credit Availability in Brazilian Regions. Regional Studies, 48(5), 883–895. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.697141

Damanhur, Albra, W., Syamni, G., & Habibie, M. (2018). What is the Determinant of Non-Performing Financing in Branch Sharia Regional Bank in Indonesia. In Emerald Reach Proceedings Series (Vol. 1, pp. 265–271). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00081

Danon, L., Brooks-Pollock, E., Bailey, M., & Keeling, M. J. (2020). A spatial Model Of Covid-19 Transmission in England and Wales: Early Spread and Peak Timing. MedRxiv. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022566

Degl’Innocenti, M., Matousek, R., Sevic, Z., & Tzeremes, N. G. (2017). Bank Efficiency and Financial Centres: Does Geographical Location Matter? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 46, 188–198. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.10.002

del Rio-Chanona, R. M., Mealy, P., Pichler, A., Lafond, F., & Farmer, D. (2020). Supply and Demand Shocks in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Industry and Occupation Perspective. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06759

Deloitte. (2020). Impact Of The COVID-19 Crisis on Short- and Consumer Behavior.

Duarte-Cunha, M., Almeida, A. S. de, Cunha, G. M. da, & Souza-Santos, R. (2016). Geographic Weighted Regression: Applicability to Epidemiological Studies of Leprosy. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 49(1), 74–82. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0307-2015

Dubé, J., Brunelle, C., & Legros, D. (2016). Location Theories and Business Location Decision: A Micro-Spatial Investigation of a Nonmetropolitan Area in Canada. Review of Regional Studies, 46(2), 143–170. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.52324/001c.8039

Ebenezer, O. O., & Omar, W. A. Bin. (2016). Risk Management and the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Literature Review Revisited. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(2), 14–19. Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2020). Special Report: The Social Challenge in Times of COVID-19 (3). Retrieved from https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/45544/1/S2000324_en.pdf

Edaich, S., & Dymek, L. (2020). Sharia Finance Managing Risks: The Case of Covid-19. European Research Studies Journal, XXIII(2), 1057–1067. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1925

Edbiz Consulting. (2020). Global Islamic Finance Report 2020 - 2021. In Islamic Finance Country Index - IFCI 2020.

Effendi, K. A., & Yuniarti, R. D. (2018). Credit Risk and Macroeconomics of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies, 4(2), 1–13.

El-Chaarani, H., Ismail, T. H., El-Abiad, Z., & El-Deeb, M. S. (2022). The Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Structure and Performance of Islamic Banks: A Comparative Study with Conventional Banks in the GCC Countries. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-07-2021-0138

Erfani, G., & Vasigh, B. (2018). The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Profitability of the Banking Industry: A Comparative Analysis. Economies, 6(4), 66. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/economies6040066

Estiningtyas, W., Syahbuddin, H., Harmanto, Pramudia, A., & Dermoredjo, S. K. (2021). Analysis of Key Locations as Indicators for Extreme Climate Impacts in Supporting Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724(1), 012042. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012042

Ezeh, P. C., & Nkamnebe, A. D. (2018). A conceptual Framework for the Adoption of Islamic Banking in a Pluralistic-Secular Nation. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(4), 951–964. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2017-0022

Fahrmeir, L., Kneib, T., Lang, S., & Marx, B. (2013). Regression: Model, Methods and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34333-9

Fairlie, R. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence of Early-Stage Losses from the April 2020 Current Population Survey. In Notes and Queries (s1-VIII, 98). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3386/w27309

Fakhrunnas, F., Karina Tumewang, Y., & B. Hendrie Anto, M. (2021). The Impact of Inflation on Islamic Banks’ Home Financing Risk: before and during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(2), 78–90. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(2).2021.08

Fakhrunnas, F., Nugrohowati, R. N. I., Haron, R., & Anto, M. B. H. (2022). The Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in the Indonesian Banking Industry: An Asymmetric Approach Before and During the Pandemic Crisis. SAGE Open, 12(2), 215824402211024. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221102421

Fan, W., Treyz, F., & Treyz, G. (2000). An Evolutionary New Economic Geography Model. Journal of Regional Science, 40(4), 671–695. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4146.00193

Farber, S., & Páez, A. (2007). A systematic Investigation of Cross-Validation in GWR Model Estimation: Empirical Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations. Journal of Geographical Systems, 9(4), 371–396. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-007-0051-3

Farooq, M., & Zaheer, S. (2015). Are Islamic Banks More Resilient During Financial Panics? Pacific Economic Review, 20(1), 101–124. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12096

Fauzan, I. F., Firdaus, M., & Sahara, S. (2020). Regional financial inclusion and poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 12(1), 25–38. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol12.iss1.art3

Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) on the World Economy. SSRN Electronic Journal, 0–29. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557504

National Economic Stimulus as Countercyclical Policy Impact of Coronavirus Disease Spread 2019, Pub. L. 11, 16 (2020). Retrieved from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/126415/Peraturan OJK Nomor 11 Tahun 2020.pdf

Financial Services Authority. (2020). The Indonesian Financial Services Sector Master Pland 2021 - 2025.

Fiore, F. De, & Uhlig, H. (2015). Corporate Debt Structure and the Financial Crisis. Working Paper Series, 1759, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20955/r.85.67

Firmansyah, I. (2015). Determinant of Non Performing Loan: The Case of Islamic Bank in Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 17(2), 241–258. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v17i2.51

Flögel, F., & Gärtner, S. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Relationship Banking in Germany: Will Regional Banks Cushion an Economic Decline or is A Banking Crisis Looming? Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (111, 3, 416–433). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12440

Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002). Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Wiley.

Fotheringham, A. S., Yang, W., & Kang, W. (2017). Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(6), 1247–1265. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2017.1352480

Gatto, M., Bertuzzo, E., Mari, L., Miccoli, S., Carraro, L., Casagrandi, R., & Rinaldo, A. (2020). Spread and Dynamics of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy: Effects of Emergency Containment Measures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 10484–10491. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004978117

Goodell, J. W. (2020). COVID-19 and Finance: Agendas for Future Research. Finance Research Letters, January, 101512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101512

Grydehøj, A., & Hayward, P. (2014). Social and economic Effects of Spatial Distribution In Island Communities: Comparing the Isles of Scilly and Isle of Wight, UK. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 3(1), 9–19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2014.03.002

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (Fifth). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Habibi, Z., & Rusgianto, S. (2021). Risk of Return Characteristics of Islamic Bank Financing Portfolio in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business), 7(1), 72. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v7i1.24571

Hamburg, I. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs and the Role of Digitalization. Advances in Research, 22(3), 10–17. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2021/v22i330300

Hassan, M. K., Muneeza, A., & Sarea, A. M. (2022). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Islamic Finance: The Lessons Learned and the Way Forward. In Towards a Post-Covid Global Financial System (15–36). Emerald Publishing Limited. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-625-420210001

Hassan, M. K., Rabbani, M. R., & Abdulla, Y. (2021). Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in MENA region and the Role of Islamic Finance. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 4(1), 51–78. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v4i1.10466

Hassan, M. K., Rabbani, M. R., & Ali, M. A. M. (2020). Challenges for the Islamic Finance and banking in post COVID era and the role of Fintech. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 3, 93–116.

Hassan, M. K., Shaikh, S. A., & Kayhan, S. (2020). Introduction to Islamic Finance. In Introduction to Islamic Banking and Finance (pp. 3–21). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811222696_0001

Havidz, S. A. H., & Setiawan, C. (2015). Bank Efficiency and Non-Performing Financing (NPF) in the Indonesian Islamic Banks. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 3(3), 61–79. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.8/2015.3.3/8.3.61.79

Hefner, R. W. (2021). Islam and Institutional Religious Freedom in Indonesia. Religions, 12(6), 415. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060415

Hidayat, S. E., Sakti, M. R. P., & Al-Balushi, R. A. A. (2021). Risk, efficiency and financial performance in the GCC banking industry: Islamic versus conventional banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(4), 564–592. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2020-0138

Hill, H., Resosudarmo, B. P., & Vidyattama, Y. (2008). Indonesia’s Changing Economic Geography. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 44(3), 407–435. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910802395344

Hosen, M. N., Muhari, S., & Kardius, K. C. (2021). The Effects of Productivity and Liquidity on the Profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 13(2), 411–430. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v13i2.22585

Hu, Q., Ma, Y., Xu, B., Song, Q., Tang, H., & Wu, W. (2018). Estimating Sub-Pixel Soybean Fraction from Time-Series MODIS Data Using an Optimized Geographically Weighted Regression Model. Remote Sensing, 10(4), 491. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040491

Huang, B., Wu, B., & Barry, M. (2010). Geographically and temporally Weighted Regression for Modeling Spatio-Temporal Variation in House Prices. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(3), 383–401. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810802672469

Hudaefi, F. A., & Badeges, A. M. (2022). Maqasid al-Shari‘ah on Islamic Banking Performance in Indonesia: a Knowledge Discovery via Text Mining. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(10), 2069–2089. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2020-0081

Hussien, M. E., Alam, M. M., Murad, M. W., & Wahid, A. N. M. (2019). The Performance of Islamic Banks during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(3), 407–420. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2017-0011

Ilmi, M. B. (2018). The Analysis of the Effect of Islamic Financing and Labor Relationship Development toward Nonperforming Financing in Islamic Banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(4), 648–660. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2015-0002

International Labor Organisation. (2021). COVID-19 and the world of work.

International Monetary Fund. (2022). World Economic Outlook: War Sets Back the Global Recovery (April). International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2022/April/English/text.ashx

Isaev, M., & Masih, M. (2017). Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Different Categories of Non-Performing Financing in Islamic Banks: Evidence From Malaysia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1–24. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79719/

Islamic Development Bank. (2020). The Covid-19 Crisis and Islamic Finance: Response of the Islamic Development Bank Group. In Islamic Development Bank (September). Retrieved from https://irti.org/product/the-covid-19-crisis-and-islamic-finance/

Ivanov, D. (2021). Exiting the COVID-19 Pandemic: After-Shock Risks and Avoidance of Disruption Tails in Supply Chains. Annals of Operations Research. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04047-7

Jackson, J. K., Martin, A. W., Andres, B. S., & Rebecca, M. N. (2020). Global Economic Effects of COVID-19. Retrieved from https://crsreports.congress.gov

Jan, A., Marimuthu, M., Shad, M. K., Ur-Rehman, H., Zahid, M., & Jan, A. A. (2019). Bankruptcy profile of the Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia: a post-crisis period analysis. Economic Change and Restructuring, 52(1), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-017-9220-7

Jassaud, N., & Kang, K. (2015). A Strategy for Developing a Market for Nonperforming Loans in Italy. IMF Working Papers, 15(24), 1. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498337984.001

Jebur, A. K. (2021). Uses and Applications of Geographic Information Systems. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(2), 18–25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2021.v05i02.001

Jensen, T. L., & Johannesen, N. (2017). The Consumption Effects of the 2007–2008 Financial Crisis: Evidence from Households in Denmark. American Economic Review, 107(11), 3386–3414. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151497

Jetz, W., Rahbek, C., & Lichstein, J. W. (2005). Local and Global Approaches to Spatial Data Analysis in Ecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14(1), 97–98. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00129.x

Jobst, A. A., & Solé, J. (2020). The Nature of Islamic Banking and Solvency Stress Testing - Conceptual Considerations. IMF Working Paper, WP/20/156.

Kaabachi, S., & Obeid, H. (2016). Determinants of Islamic Banking Adoption in Tunisia: Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34(7), 1069–1091. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2015-0020

Kabir, M. N., Worthington, A., & Gupta, R. (2015). Comparative credit Risk in Islamic and Conventional Bank. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 34, 327–353. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.06.001

Kadir, R. D., Ratnasari, S. L., & Abduh, M. (2021). What Drives Non Performing Financing ? Evidence From Islamic Rural Banks In Indonesia During Covid-19. IKONOMIKA: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 6(2), 207–218. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24042/febi.v6i2.10757

Kala, A. K., Tiwari, C., Mikler, A. R., & Atkinson, S. F. (2017). A comparison of Least Squares Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression Modeling of West Nile virus Risk Based on Environmental Parameters. PeerJ, 5(3), e3070. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3070

Kang, H., & Zhao, H. (2020). Description and Application Research of Multiple Regression Model Optimization Algorithm Based on Data Set Denoising. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1631(1), 012063. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1631/1/012063

Karim, M. R., & Shetu, S. A. (2020). Level of Shariah Compliance in the Operation of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 293–317. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.755679

Karim, M. R., Shetu, S. A., & Razia, S. (2021). COVID-19, liquidity and Financial Health: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Economy. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEB-03-2021-0033

Kasanah, R., Abidillah, A. F., & Rusgianto, S. (2022). Assessing the Internal Factor Affecting the Bank Profitability in Indonesia: Case of Dual Banking System. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 8(2), 167–181. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol8.iss2.art2

Khan, M. S., & Yesmin, N. (2016). A GIS Based Approach to Manage Spatial Distribution and Location of Financial Services: A Case Study of ATM Services. Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, 9, 125–140.

Khanam, R., & Ullah, M. H. (2014). Shari`ah Compliance in Islamic Banking-Why and How? Global Journal of Management and Business Research: C Finance, 14(6), 182–199.

Khasanah, U., & Wicaksono, A. T. S. (2021). Intermediary performance of Islamic banks in the disruption era: Does it contribute to economic growth? Banks and Bank Systems, 16(1), 103–115. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.10

Khatun, N. (2021). Applications of Normality Test in Statistical Analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 11(01), 113–122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2021.111006

Kilpatrick, J., & Barter, L. (2020). COVID-19: Managing Supply Chain Risk and Disruption. Deloitte, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-doctor-exclusive/exclusive-coronavirus-outbreak-may-be-

Kılıç, M. E., & Çanakcı, M. (2022). Islamic Solutions for Behavioral Problems in Economy. Iranian Economic Review, 26(1), 109–119. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22059/ier.2020.77209

Ko, J.-H., Matsuzaki, A., & Yoo, D. (2020). The Geography of Gravity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 00(00), 1–19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2020.1730920

Koechlein, E. (2021). The Impacts of Cash in a Pandemic: Evidence from Cash-Based Programming in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (July). Retrieved from https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/Impacts-of-Cash-in-a-Pandemic-Brief-July-2021-Updated.pdf

Kryzanowski, L., Liu, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). Effect of COVID-19 on non-performing loans in China. Finance Research Letters, 52(September 2022), 103372. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103372

Kuhn, M., & Johnson, K. (2013). Applied Predictive Modeling. New York: Springer. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6849-3

Kuzucu, N., & Kuzucu, S. (2019). What Drives Non-Performing Loans? Evidence from Emerging and Advanced Economies during Pre- and Post-Global Financial Crisis. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(8), 1694–1708. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1547877

Kwak, S. G., & Park, S.-H. (2019). Normality Test in Clinical Research. Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 26(1), 5. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2019.26.1.5

Laborde, D., Martin, W., & Vos, R. (2021). Impacts of COVID‐19 on Global Poverty, Food Security, and Diets: Insights from Global Model Scenario Analysis. Agricultural Economics, 52(3), 375–390. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12624

Le, T. D. Q., Nguyen, V. T. H., & Tran, S. H. (2020). Geographic loan diversification and bank risk: A cross-country analysis. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1809120. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1809120

Lee, J., & Jang, Y. J. (2017). Equal Access to Early Childhood Education in South Korea using the Geographic Information System. International Journal of Early Years Education, 25(2), 171–189. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2017.1287559

Lee, N., & Brown, R. (2017). Innovation, SMEs and the Liability of Distance: The Demand and Supply of Bank Funding in UK Peripheral Regions. Journal of Economic Geography, 17(1), 233–260. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbw011

Legg, R. J. (2010). The SAGE Handbook of Spatial Analysis. Journal of Regional Science, 50(5), 1012–1013. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00709_6.x

Leung, Y., Mei, C.-L., & Zhang, W.-X. (2000). Statistical Tests for Spatial Nonstationarity Based on the Geographically Weighted Regression Model. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 32(1), 9–32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1068/a3162

Li, Z., & Yao, J. (2019). Testing for Heteroscedasticity in High-Dimensional Regressions. Econometrics and Statistics, 9, 122–139. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.01.001

Liberti, J. M., & Petersen, M. A. (2019). Information: Hard and Soft. The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, 8(1), 1–41. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfy009

Liu, H., & Huang, W. (2022). Sustainable Financing and Financial Risk Management of Financial Institutions—Case Study on Chinese Banks. Sustainability, 14(15), 9786. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159786

Liu, N., & Strobl, J. (2022). Impact of Neighborhood Features on Housing Resale Prices in Zhuhai (China) based on an (M)GWR model. Big Earth Data, 00(00), 1–24. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2022.2031543

Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive Analysis in Education: A Guide for Researchers. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, March, 1–40. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573325

Lončarski, I., & Marinč, M. (2020). The Political Economy of Relationship Banking. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101078. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101078

Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. (2012). Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Greece: A Comparative Study of Mortgage, Business and Consumer Loan Portfolios. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(4), 1012–1027. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012

Ludovic, J., Bourdin, S., Nadou, F., & Noiret, G. (2020). Economic globalization and the COVID-19 pandemic: global spread and inequalities. Bull World Health Organ., E-pub(April). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.261099

Lutfiani, N., Sugiman, S., & Mariani, S. (2019). Pemodelan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) dengan Fungsi Pembobot Kernel Gaussian dan Bi-Square. UNNES Journal of Mathematics, 8(1), 82–91. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/ujm.v8i1.17103

Mahdzan, N. S., Zainudin, R., & Au, S. F. (2017). The adoption of Islamic banking services in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(3), 496–512. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2015-0064

Mahendradhata, Y., Trisnantoro, L., Listyadewi, S., Soewondo, P., MArthias, T., Harimurti, P., & Prawira, J. (2017). The Republic of Indonesia Health System Review (K. Hort & W. Patcharanarumol (Eds.); Health sys, 7, 1). Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.

Mansour, W., Ajmi, H., & Saci, K. (2021). Regulatory Policies in the Global Islamic Banking Sector in the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Banking Regulation, 0123456789. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00147-3

Masiukiewicz, P., & Howzan, A. (2015). Crisis Marketing and Bank Runs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 146–153. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.353

Masood, O., Al Suwaidi, H., & Darshini Pun Thapa, P. (2012). Credit Risk Management: A Case Differentiating Islamic and Non‐Islamic Banks in UAE. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 4(2/3), 197–205. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17554171211252529

Mateev, M., Tariq, M. U., & Sahyouni, A. (2021). Competition, Capital Growth and Risk-Taking in Emerging Markets: Policy Implications for Banking Sector Stability during COVID-19 Pandemic. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0253803. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253803

Maulidar, A., & Majid, M. S. A. (2020). Do Good Corporate Governance and Financing Risk Management Matter for Islamic Banks’ Performance in Indonesia? ETIKONOMI, 19(2), 169–184. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.15080

Maximenko, D., & Maximenko, M. (2021). GIS for Location Planning Of Banks’ Physical Networks. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 8(1), 362–365. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2021.1986421

McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020a). The Economic Effects of a Pandemic. In R. Baldwin & B. W. di Mauro (Eds.), Economics in the Time of COVID-19 (45–51). CEPR Press.

McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020b). The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios. SSRN Electronic Journal, March. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547729

Miah, M. D., Suzuki, Y., & Uddin, S. M. S. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Islamic Banks in Bangladesh: a Perspective of Marxian “Circuit of Merchant’s Capital.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(7), 1036–1054. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2020-0345

Misman, F. N., Bhatti, I., Lou, W., Samsudin, S., & Rahman, N. H. A. (2015). Islamic Banks Credit Risk: A Panel Study. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31(15), 75–82. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01133-8

Mohamed, S., & Ahmed, T. (2021). Islamic Finance Development Report 2021: Advancing Economies. Retrieved from https://www.refinitiv.com/content/dam/marketing/en_us/documents/gated/reports/report-2021-all-color2.pdf

Mohamed, S., Goni, A., Alanzarouti, F., & Taitoon, J. A. (2020). Islamic Finance Development Report 2020: Progressing Through Development.

Mohd Isa, M. Y., & Abdul Rashid, M. Z. H. (2018). Regulatory Capital Funds and Risk-Sharing Behavior in Distressed Financial Conditions. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 16(1), 197–216. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-06-2015-0066

Mufraini, A., Wicaksono, A. T. S., Meylianingrum, K., Ningtyas, M. N., & Supriyono, S. (2020). Islamic Bank Financing: Finding The Spatial Effect and Influencing Factors From An Archipelagic Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 13(1), 1. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2020.10027820

Mufraini, M. A., Murodi, M., Wicaksono, A. T. S., Fauziah, F., & Mubarok, F. (2021). The Efficiency of Human Resources Management During the Disruption and Pandemic Era: An Empirical Study of Indonesian Islamic Banks. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business, 8(6), 437–446. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0437

Muhammad, R., Suluki, A., & Nugraheni, P. (2020). Internal Factors and Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1823583. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1823583

Muhammad, R., & Triharyono, C. (2019). Analysis of Islamic Banking Financial Performance Before, During and After Global Financial Crisis. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 5(2), 80–86. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol5.iss2.art5

Mustafa, O. A. O. (2020). Impact of Liquidity Shortage Risk on Financial Performance of Sudanese Islamic Banks. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(2), 251–282. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.3229

Mutawali, M., Rodoni, A., & Said, M. Bin. (2019). Prevention Effectiveness of Non-Performing Financing in the Indonesian Islamic Bank. ETIKONOMI, 18(2), 259–274. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v18i2.11262

Nakaya, T., Charlton, M., Brunsdon, C., Lewis, P., Yao, J., & Fotheringham, A. S. (2016). Geographically Weighted Regression 4.09 User Manual. Arizona State University.

Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review. International Journal of Surgery, 78(March), 185–193. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018

Nugroho, L., Utami, W., Harnovinsah, & Doktoralina, C. M. (2020). COVID-19 and Impact Potency of Disruption on the Islamic Banking Performance. International Journal of Economic and Business Applied, 1(1), 11–25.

Nur Edayu, Z., & Syerrina, Z. (2018). A Statistical Analysis for Geographical Weighted Regression. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 169(1), 012105. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012105

OECD. (2021). The COVID-19 Crisis and Banking System Resilience: Simulation of Losses on Non- Performing Loans and Policy Implications. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-markets/COVID-19-crisis-and-banking-system-resilience.pdf

Omar, Z. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Islamic Banking in Indonesia during the Pandemic Era. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 8(2), 19–32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17687/JEB.0802.03

Ozsoy, I. (2016). An Islamic Suggestion of Solution to the Financial Crises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 38, 174–184. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30188-5

Ozturk, S., & Sozdemir, A. (2015). Effects of Global Financial Crisis on Greece Economy. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(15), 568–575. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00441-4

Páez, A., & Wheeler, D. C. (2009). Geographically Weighted Regression. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (407–414). Elsevier. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00447-8

Parven, S. (2011). Nonperforming Loans of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper, 65248, Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65248/

Patterson, D. J., Ariel, Y., Burks, B., Gratcheva, E. M., Hosking, S., Klein, N., Protopopova, L., Ruiz, E. E. T., Schmitt, S., Shackelton, B., Wang, D., & Wuebbles, D. J. (2020). Spatial Finance: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World.

Permai, S. D., Christina, A., & Santoso Gunawan, A. A. (2021). Fiscal Decentralization Analysis that Affect Economic Performance Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Procedia Computer Science, 179(2020), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.022

Permai, S. D., Jauri, R., & Chowanda, A. (2019). Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) Model for Average Expenditure of Papua Province. Procedia Computer Science, 157, 537–542. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.011

Principi, N. (2022). The Systemic Approach to Risk Analysis in Geography. Journal of Geography and Cartography, 5(2), 120. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v5i2.1761

Priyadi, U., Utami, K. D. S., Muhammad, R., & Nugraheni, P. (2021). Determinants of Credit Risk of Indonesian Sharīʿah Rural Banks. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-09-2019-0134

Rabbani, M. R., Ali, M. A. M., Rahiman, H. U., Atif, M., Zulfikar, Z., & Naseem, Y. (2021). The Response of Islamic Financial Service to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Open Social Innovation of the Financial System. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 85. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010085

Rafay, A., Farid, S., Yasser, F., & Safdar, S. (2020). Social Collateral and Repayment Performance: Evidence from Islamic Micro Finance. Iranian Economic Review, 24(1), 41–74. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22059/ier.2020.74474

Raimo, N., Martínez-Córdoba, P.-J., Benito, B., & Vitolla, F. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Labor Market: An Analysis of Supply and Demand in the Spanish Municipalities. Sustainability, 13(23), 12996. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312996

Rehman, Z. U., Muhammad, N., Sarwar, B., & Raz, M. A. (2019). Impact of Risk Management Strategies on the Credit Risk Faced by Commercial Banks of Balochistan. Financial Innovation, 5(1), 44. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-019-0159-8

Richards, T. J., Acharya, R. N., & Kagan, A. (2008). Spatial competition and Market Power in Banking. Journal of Economics and Business, 60(5), 436–454. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2007.06.002

Rizwan, M. S., Ahmad, G., & Ashraf, D. (2021). Systemic Risk in Dual-Banking Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3824207

Rönnqvist, S., & Sarlin, P. (2016). Bank Networks from Text: Interrelations, Centrality and Determinants. ECB Working Paper SeriesWorking Paper Series, 1876, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20955/r.85.67

Santosa, P. W., Setianingrum, A., & Huda, N. (2020). The Relationship of Macro-risk Indicators, Internal Factors, and Risk Profile of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. ETIKONOMI, 19(2), 221–236. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.15528

Santoso, M. H., Siregar, H., Hakim, D. B., & Siregar, M. E. (2019). Strategy for Non-Performing Financing Management in Sharia Banks Based on Economic Sector of Financing. Open Journal of Business and Management, 07(02), 374–385. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72025 

Schoors, K., Semenova, M., & Zubanov, A. (2019). Depositor Discipline During Crisis: Flight to Familiarity or Trust in Local Authorities? Journal of Financial Stability, 43, 25–39. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2019.05.002 

Šeho, M., Bacha, O. I., & Smolo, E. (2020). The Effects of Interest Rate on Islamic Bank Financing Instruments: Cross-Country Evidence from Dual-Banking Systems. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 62(February), 101292. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101292 

Sellar, C., Grandi, S., & Jafri, J. (2019). Geofinance/Banking between Political and Financial Geographies. In Geofinance between Political and Financial Geographies (15–29). Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903850.00007 

Setyowati, R., Heradhyaksa, B., & Wekke, I. S. (2019). Sharia Compliance in the Islamic Banking Percepetion in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(2), 1608–1620. 

Shafiq, A. (2020). Methodology of Islamic Economics: Problems and Solutions. Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 7(1), 111–118. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.26414/br150 

Shahchera, M. (2022). Coordination of Monetary Policy and Macro Prudential Policy: New Evidence from OIC Countries. Iranian Economic Review, 26(3), 549–561. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22059/ier.2021.81544 

Sharma, G. D., & Mahendru, M. (2020). Lives or livelihood: Insights from locked-down India due to COVID19. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100036. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100036 

Shi, R., & McLarty, J. W. (2009). Descriptive statistics. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 103(4), S9–S14. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60815-0 

Sholihin, M., Zaki, A., & Maulana, A. O. (2018). Do Islamic Rural Banks Consider Islamic Morality in Assessing Credit Applications? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(4), 498–513. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2018-0015 

Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1 

Snieska, V., Zykiene, I., & Burksaitiene, D. (2019). Evaluation of Location’s Attractiveness for Business Growth in Smart Development. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 925–946. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1590217 

Stehlík, M., Střelec, L., & Thulin, M. (2014). On Robust Testing for Normality in Chemometrics. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 130, 98–108. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2013.10.010

Sukmana, R., Indrawan, I. W., & Ajija, S. R. (2020). COVID-19 and its Impacts on the Islamic Financial Industry: Indonesia. In S. E. Hidayat, M. O. Farooq, A. Nasution, & C. A. Sari (Eds.), The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Islamic Finance in the OIC Countries (1–8).

Sulekan, A., & Syed Jamaludin, S. S. (2020). Review on Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Approach in Spatial Analysis. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 16(2), 173–177. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n2.1387 

Sumner, A., Hoy, C., & Ortiz-Juarez, E. (2020). Estimates of the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Poverty. UNU WIDER Working Paper, 2020/43(April), Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2020/800-9 

Suprayitno, E., & Hardiani, R. M. (2021). A Spatial Analysis of Non-Performance Financing Determinants in Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 7(2), 189–205. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol7.iss2.art7 

Susanti, Y. (2018). Penerapan Model Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Pada Produksi Ubi Jalar. Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics, 1(1), 52. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v1i1.24114 

Tabuchi, T., & Thisse, J.-F. (2011). A New Economic Geography Model of Central Places. Journal of Urban Economics, 69(2), 240–252. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2010.11.001 

Taus, A., Ogneva-Himmelberger, Y., & Rogan, J. (2013). Conversion to Organic Farming in the Continental United States: A Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis. The Professional Geographer, 65(1), 87–102. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2011.639634 

Tejo, B. A., & Hanggraeni, D. (2020). The Effects of Credit Risk and Financial Performance to Financial Distress Prediction of Listed Banks in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Management Research (ICBMR 2020), 160(Icbmr), 151–156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201222.022 

Teppa, F. (2014). Consumption Behaviour and Financial Crisis in the Netherlands. SSRN Electronic Journal, 453. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2540474 

The Central Bank of Bangladesh. (2022). Government Domestic Borrowing. Retrieved from https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/govtdomdebt.pdf 

The World Bank. (2020). The Economic and Social Impact of COVID-19: The Country Notes. In Western Balkans Regular Economic Report, 17 (Spring). Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/457181588085856454/pdf/The-Economic-and-Social-Impact-of-COVID-19-The-Country-Notes.pdf 

Thompson, C. B. (2009). Descriptive Data Analysis. Air Medical Journal, 28(2), 56–59. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.12.001 

Tisdell, C. A. (2020). Economic, Social and Political Issues Raised by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Economic Analysis and Policy, 68(January), 17–28. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.08.002 

Trinugroho, I., Santoso, W., Irawanto, R., & Pamungkas, P. (2021). Is Spin-Off Policy an Effective Way to Improve Performance of Islamic Banks? Evidence from Indonesia. Research in International Business and Finance, 56(September 2020), 101352. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101352 

Tursoy, T. (2018). Risk Management Process in Banking Industry. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper, 86427, Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86427/1/MPRA_paper_86427.pdf 

Tzeng, H. -M. (2011). Descriptive Statistics Learning Objectives. Retrieved from http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449686697/45670_CH06_101_132.pdf 

Ullah, K., Ashfaque, M., Atiq, M., Khan, M., & Hussain, A. (2023). Shariah Capabilities and Value Propositions of Islamic Banking. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2019-0518 

UNICEF, UNDP, Prospera, & SMERU. (2021). Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia.

Vet, J. M. D. E., Nigohosyan, D., Ferrer, J. N., Gross, A., Kuehl, S., & Flickenschild, M. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries. Publication for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, March, 1–83. Retrieved from https://cdn.g4media.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/IPOL_STU2021662903_EN.pdf 

Wang, J., Yang, J., Iverson, B. C., & Kluender, R. (2020). Bankruptcy and the COVID-19 Crisis. Working Paper, 21–041, Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3690398 

Wang, X., & Guan, J. (2017). Financial Inclusion: Measurement, Spatial Effects and Influencing Factors. Applied Economics, 49(18), 1751–1762. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1226488 

Warjiyo, P. (2020). Bank Indonesia’s Response to COVID-19: Synergise to Build Optimism for Economic Recovery. In B. English, K. Forbes, & P. R. Lane (Eds.), Monetary Policy and Central Banking in the Covid Era challenges for the future The monetary policy response in the euro area (pp. 255–307). Center for Economic Policy Research.

Warninda, T. D., Ekaputra, I. A., & Rokhim, R. (2019). Do Mudarabah and Musharakah Financing Impact Islamic Bank Credit Risk Differently? Research in International Business and Finance, 49(September 2017), 166–175. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.03.002 

Weber, A. V. (2018). Exploring Local Influences on Zika Virus Rates in Puerto Rico Utilizing Geographically Weighted Regression. Papers in Applied Geography, 4(1), 100–112. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2017.1401954 

Wei, Q., Zhang, L., Duan, W., & Zhen, Z. (2019). Global and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Models for Modeling PM2.5 in Heilongjiang, China from 2015 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5107. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245107 

Wicaksono, A. T. S. (2022). Islamic Bank Deposits during COVID-19 Pandemic : A Spatial Finance Approach. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 56(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2022-5601-10 

Wiranto, G., Lubis, S. Y., & Rosehan. (2020). Multiple Linear Regression Analysis on Effect of Time Variations and Voltage Variations on Spot Welding Against Shear Strength of Aa5083 Material Using Ibm Spss Application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1007(1), 012062. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1007/1/012062 

Worley, C. G., & Jules, C. (2020). COVID-19’s Uncomfortable Revelations about Agile and Sustainable Organizations in a VUCA World. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(3), 279–283. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320936263 

Yu, D. (2007). Modeling Owner-Occupied Single-Family House Values in the City of Milwaukee: A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 44(3), 267–282. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.44.3.267 

Zaman, A. (2013). Islamic Approaches to Fundamental Economic Problems. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–36. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2231398

Zhang, H. (2014). Spatial Structure of China's Finance and Regional Finance Safety. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(11), 231–237.

Zheng, C., Bhowmik, P. K., & Sarker, N. (2019). Industry-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: A Comparative Analysis of ARDL and VECM. Sustainability, 12(1), 325. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010325 

Zhu, Z., Li, B., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., & Chen, L. (2020). Socio-Economic Impact Mechanism of Ecosystem Services Value, a PCA-GWR Approach. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(1), 977–986. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/120774 

Zulfikar, A. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment Restriction Policy as an Effort to Empower Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 16(4), 505–530. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol16.4.772 

Žunić, A., Kozarić, K., & Dželihodžić, E. Ž. (2021). Non-Performing Loan Determinants and Impact of COVID-19: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 10(3), 5–22. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2021-0021