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فهم بنیانهای «اُدیپی» سیاست: الهیات سیاسی یا الهیات فرهنگی؟ | ||
فصلنامه سیاست | ||
دوره 55، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 152-125 اصل مقاله (518.32 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jpq.2025.384565.1008233 | ||
نویسنده | ||
محمد عبداله پور چناری* | ||
استادیار، علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف این مقاله، فهمِ سیاست از طریق عقده پدرکشی است. پیشفرض سیاست در دوره مدرن، از هابز تا اشمیت، رویکردی الهیاتی مبنی بر ایده «خدا» بود و با ایجاد تشابه ساختاری میان مفاهیم حاکم و خدا، برای حاکمیت حق مرگ و زندگی قائل بودند. در مقابل، این پژوهش بر آن است که با حفظ مفهوم خدا، ولی با گنجاندن ایده ادیپ، میتوان تحولی در تحلیل و فهم الهیات سیاسی ایجاد کرد. بهخصوص زمانیکه سیاست را بر حسب ایده پدرکشی تحلیل کنیم. عقده ادیپ فرویدی بر این فرض است که «حق» مرگ و زندگی را باید در «رانههای» اعضای اجتماع جست. چون پدیده مرگ «امری درونی» و مرتبط با سائقههاست. در ثانی، خاستگاه آن به واپسزنی «روانی-فرهنگی» سائقههای افراد برمیگردد. در این مناسبات میل به کشتن به سه صورت پدیدار میشود: صورت اول «پدر-والد» است، یعنی پدر، رقیب میل جنسی پسر و مانعی بزرگ برای آرزوها و امیال اوست. واپسزنی امیال توسط پدر، اسبابی برای قتلاش را فراهم میآورد. صورت دوم پدر، یعنی «پدر-خدا» در محیط فرهنگی اجتماع میباشد که کودک به دلیل حس درماندگی به پدری قادر و مطلق پناهنده میشود، هنگامیکه خود را با او همسان میانگارد، همزمان او را بهعنوان مانع فرهنگی قلمداد میکند و در ذهنش به شکل نمادین دست به قتل میزند. صورت سوم، پدر در نزد پسر در مناسبات سیاسی به شکل «پدر-شاه» بازنمایی میشود. وضع قانون و نظم از سوی حاکم، برای واپسزنی امیال کودک در حیطه عمومی و اسبابی برای قتلش از سوی کودک است. درواکنش بدان، رانه کودک از نیروگذاری روی ابژه جنسی صرفنظر میکند و معطوف به بدن خویش میشود تا از این طریق نهاد اید به تعادل برسد و اضطرابهای سیاسی خود را تسکین بخشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
الهیات سیاسی؛ الهیات فرهنگی؛ پدرکشی؛ عقدة اُدیپ و عقده اختگی | ||
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