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پویایی خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه | ||
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 17، شماره 4، بهمن 1403، صفحه 93-120 اصل مقاله (658.5 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jed.2025.385922.654452 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
الهام ارجمندی والا1؛ حسین خنیفر* 2؛ علی محمد سلطانی گرد فرامرزی3؛ آصف کریمی1 | ||
1گروه بازرگانی و کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی داشگاه تهران، قم، ایران. | ||
2گروه مدیریت سرزمینی و امور عمومی- دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری- پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران- قم - ایران | ||
3گروه سیاست نوآوری و آیندهنگاری- پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری- تهران- ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه یک مفهوم پویا بوده و بهطور مداوم در مراحل مختلف راهاندازی و رشد کسب و کار خطرپذیر، با تغییر شرایط و به روشهای مختلف، تغییر میکند. مطالعات فراوانی در حوزههای مختلف، در رابطه با خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه، صورت گرفته است، با اینحال، اطلاعات کمی در مورد اینکه خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه چگونه تغییر میکند و منابع و مقدمات چنین تغییراتی چه مواردی هستند، وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی چگونگی تغییرات خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه و شناسایی منابع آن است. روش:به منظور دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، از روشهای مرور سیستماتیک کیفی و رویکرد ترکیب مضمون، استفاده شد. ترکیب مضمون، از اصول تحلیل مضمون استفاده میکند و در حوزه علوم اجتماعی برای ترکیب مطالعات اولیه و بهطور ویژه برای پاسخ به سوالات مرور سیستماتیک توسعه یافته است. ترکیب مضمون، رویکردهایی را از هر دو روش فراقوم نگاری و نظریه زمینهای ترکیب و اقتباس میکند. در مورد اول، توسعه مضامین توصیفی و تحلیلی مستلزم ترجمه متقابل و مقایسه مداوم است و در مورد دوم، مطالعات اولیه به جای متون اصلی و رونوشت، واحد تحلیل میشود. یافتهها: دراین مقاله علاوه بر عواملی که خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه را تقویت میکند، منابعی شناسایی شد که خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه را تضعیف میکند و این موضوع پویایی و انعطافپذیری خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه را اثبات میکند. عملکرد کارآفرینانه که دارای یک بنیان نظری گسترده و پشتیبانی تحقیقاتی تجربی به عنوان خروجی خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه است، به عنوان منبع تغییر خودکارآفرینی نیز شناسایی شد. در حالیکه اکثر مطالعات نشان دادهاند که شکست یک کسب و کار خطرپذیر، تأثیر منفی بر خودکارآمدی یک کارآفرین دارد و کارآفرینان شکستخورده ممکن است به کارآفرین سریالی تبدیل نشوند. اما مطالعات دیگری نیز وجود دارند، که توضیح میدهند همه کارآفرینان شکست خورده به سمت احساسات منفی و ناامیدکننده نسبت به کارآفرینی نمیروند و کارآفرینی را ترک نمیکنند. خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه، بهطور کلی به عنوان پیش بینی کننده عملکرد کارآفرینی در نظر گرفته میشود، اما خودکارآمدی بسیار بالا ناشی از سوگیری شناختی، منجر به کاهش عملکرد میگردد. همچنین افرادی که تواناییهای خود را بیش از حد ارزیابی میکنند، گاهی از ابهاماتی در مورد ماهیت فعالیت ناشی میشود. در نهایت، ویژگیهای فردی به عنوان مقدمه خودکارآمدی، حتی در صورتی که ثابت باشند، مطابق با نظریه شناخت اجتماعی، احتمالاً بر قضاوت افراد در مورد حالات فیزیولوژیکی خود از مسیر حالت جسمی و عاطفی، در پاسخ به شرایط و بر سطح خودکارآمدی آنها برای انجام فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه اثر میگذارد. نتیجه: این تحقیق بر اهمیت در نظرگرفتن پویایی و تغییر پذیر خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه تأکید می کند، چرا که یک برساخت مهم در پیشبینی رفتار و عملکرد کارآفرینانه است. پیرو یافتههای به دست آمده، دو موضوع برای تحقیقات آینده شامل، تحقیقات تجربی در مورد فرآیند حفظ خودکارآمدی پس از شکست کسب و کار، مقابله با چالشها و حفظ وضعیت جسمی و روانی مثبت در آینده و تحقیقات تجربی و کاربردی برای یافتن محدودهی بهینه و راهحلهایی برای افزایش و یا کاهش خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه در طول زمان و وابسته به شرایط پیشنهاد میگردد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پویایی؛ ترکیب مضمون؛ تغییر؛ خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه؛ منایع تغییرات | ||
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