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پتانسیل کنترل زیستی جدایه‌های باسیلوس در تعامل با بیمارگر Rhizoctonia solani سیب‌زمینی | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 1، شهریور 1402، صفحه 187-205 اصل مقاله (2.08 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2023.357079.1007026 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین نوروزی1؛ ساره بقایی راوری* 2؛ شیده موجرلو3 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 3گروه باغبانی و گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در طول دوره رشد، محصول سیب‌زمینی در معرض ترکیبی از تنش‌های زنده و غیر زنده قرار می‌گیرد. قارچ Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn، عامل بیماری شانکر ساقه سیب‌زمینی و یکی از مهمترین بیمارگرهای گیاهی خاک برد است که باعث کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت محصول سیب‌زمینی در سراسر جهان می‌شود. به‌نظر می رسد باکتری‌های آنتاگونیست در کنترل بیمارگرهای گیاهی جایگزین مناسبی برای مواد شیمیایی هستند. در این مطالعه، ویژگی‌های بیوکنترلی (آنزیم های هیدرولیز کننده، سیدروفور، سورفاکتانت، بیوفیلم) 20 جدایه باسیلوس علیه R. solani AG3، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. در مجموع جدایه‌ها در کشت متقابل 23 تا 9/64 درصد، در تولید ترکیبات فرار 2/38 تا 4/85 درصد و در تولید آنتی بیوتیک 9/76 تا 90 درصد مهار رشد بیمارگر قارچی را نشان دادند. جدایه‌ها از نظر ویژگی‌های بیوکنترلی متغیر بودند. بر‌اساس نتایج آزمایشگاهی، پنج جدایه Ba1، Ba5، Ba8، Ba11 و Ba12 برای شناسایی و بررسی‌های تکمیلی گلخانه‌ای انتخاب شدند. جدایه‌های منتخب سبب بازدارندگی جوانه‌زنی اسکلروت قارچ و قطعه قطعه شدن و انعقاد سیتوپلاسمی در میسلیوم قارچ بیمارگر شدند. جدایه‌های Ba1، Ba5، Ba8، Ba11 و Ba12 به ترتیب به گونه‌های B. mojavensis، Bacillus sp.، B. pumilus، Bacillus sp. و velezensis B. تعلق دارند. در شرایط گلخانه، شاخص شدت بیماری در تیمارهای Ba5 (Bacillus sp.) و Ba8 (B.pumilus) همانند قارچ‌کش رورال تی اس صفر بود و بیماری شانکر ساقه را به طور کامل کنترل نمودند. از این‌رو برای بررسی‌های تکمیلی و تهیه فرمولاسیون بهینه پیشنهاد می‌گردند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باسیلوس؛ بیوکنترل؛ سیب‌زمینی؛ شانکر ساقه؛ Rhizoctonia solani AG3 | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biocontrol potential of Bacillus strains in interaction with Rhizoctonia solani pathogen of potato | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Norozi1؛ Sareh Baghaee-Ravari2؛ Shideh Mojerlou3 | ||
| 11. Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 33. Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| During the growth period, the potato crop is exposed to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is the causal agent of potato stem canker disease and one of the most important soil-borne plant pathogens that reduce the yield and quality of potatoes worldwide. Antagonistic bacteria seem to be a good alternative to chemicals in controlling plant pathogens. This study evaluated the biocontrol properties (hydrolyzing enzymes, siderophore, surfactant, biofilm) of 20 Bacillus isolates against R. solani AG3. In total, 23 to 64.9 % of isolates in dual culture assay, 38.2 to 85.4% in volatile compound production, and 76.9 to 90% in antibiotic production showed inhibition against the tested fungus. The isolates were variable in terms of biocontrol properties. Based on the in vitro results, five isolates including Ba1, Ba5, Ba8, Ba11, and Ba12 were selected for identification and additional investigations under greenhouse experiments. The selected isolates inhibited the germination of fungal sclerotium and caused mycelial fragmentation and cytoplasmic coagulation. Strains Ba1, Ba5, Ba8, Ba11, and Ba12 belonged to B. mojavensis, Bacillus sp., B. pumilus, Bacillus sp., and B. velezensis, respectively. In the greenhouse trials, the disease severity index was zero in treatments Ba5 (Bacillus sp.) and Ba8 (B. pumilus), similar to Rovral -TS fungicide and completely controlled stem canker disease. Therefore, they are suggested for additional investigations and preparation of optimal formulations. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bacillus sp, Biocontrol, Potato, Rhizoctonia Solani AG3, Stem Canker | ||
| مراجع | ||
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