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ارزیابی آسایش حرارتی فضای باز در فرم‌های مختلف حیاط در مقیاس همسایگی نمونه موردی: اقلیم سرد و نیمه خشک سبزوار | ||
| نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 28، شماره 1، فروردین 1402، صفحه 45-61 اصل مقاله (7.59 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfaup.2023.352410.672828 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه اخلاقی نژاد1؛ هادی باقری سبزوار* 2 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد معماری و انرژی، گروه معماری، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آسایش حرارتی در فضاهای باز شهری و مجتمع͏های مسکونی نقش مهمی در سلامت عابران و استفاده کنندگان دارد. حیاط‌ها به عنوان اصلاح͏کننده‌های خرد اقلیمی و به عنوان یک فضای باز مشترک بین معماری و مقیاس شهری، به عنوان یک استراتژی غیرفعال مناسب برای افزایش آسایش حرارتی و کاهش مصرف انرژی ساختمان‌ها می‌توانند عمل کنند. بنابراین، می͏توان اثر تلطیف حیاط‌ها در آب و هوای غالب تابستان و زمستان مورد بررسی قرار͏گیرد. در این پژوهش، با انتخاب یک واحد همسایگی در شهر سبزوار، اثر فرم‌های مختلف حیاط با تغییر در دهانه‌های بازشو بر آسایش حرارتی و عوامل اقلیمی، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Envi-metارزیابی می‌شود. بدین منظور، دهانه‌های بازشو در فرم‌های حیاط مرکزی منقطع، حیاط مرکزی محصور و حیاط U شکل به عنوان متغیرهای مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرند و آسایش حرارتی فضای باز با شاخص͏های UTCI و PET مقایسه می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که حیاط مرکزی محصور، فرم محافظت شده‌‌تری در مقابل باد و تابش در این اقلیم سرد و نیمه خشک است و از نظر آسایش حرارتی، در شاخص‌های UTCI وPET به ترتیب، 88/4 و 73/7 درجه سانتیگراد در انقلاب تابستانی و 01/4 و 28/1 درجه سانتیگراد در انقلاب زمستانی نسبت به حیاط U شکل نزدیک͏تر به محدوده آسایش حرارتی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حیاط؛ خرد اقلیم شهری؛ آسایش حرارتی؛ دهانه‌های بازشو؛ انویمت؛ سبزوار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort in different forms of courtyard at neighborhood scale_Case: cold and semi-arid climate of Sabzevar | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| fateme akhlaghinezhad1؛ Hadi Bagheri Sabzevar2 | ||
| 1Master of Architecture and Energy, Department of of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The level of thermal comfort in urban open spaces plays an important role in pedestrian health. Residential environments and open spaces of housing units require more comfortable temperatures. Courtyards as microclimate modifiers and common open spaces between urban and architectural scales can be a good passive strategy to increase thermal comfort and reduce energy demand of buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify their temperature balancing effect in the prevailing summer and winter climates. Different urban forms provide different microclimates with different levels of comfort for pedestrians. The effects of urban microclimates on urban air quality and building energy use make them significant at a larger scale. Urban forms, shaped by the typology of buildings and the open space between them, have different impacts at different seasons. They meet the demand for compactness in summer to provide shelter from the sun and openness in winter to provide access to the sun. Therefore, to design a form that provides the best thermal conditions throughout the year, through the design of openings in the open space openings - height and width and position of the opening. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the design of courtyards for microclimatic improvement of outdoor spaces. However, there is still little knowledge about the thermal performance characteristics of courtyards, especially in cold and semi-arid climates. In this study, we measure the effects of different forms of courtyards on thermal comfort and climatic forces, including wind and radiation, using ENVI-met software by selecting a neighborhood unit in Sabzevar city. To this end, we have kept all design factors constant, including the height of adjacent blocks, vegetation, and materials, except for the openings of the adjacent courtyard. We studied the forms of the interrupted central courtyard, the closed central courtyard, and the U-shaped courtyard, and compared the thermal comfort of the open space in terms of the UTCI and PET indices. These three forms of the inner courtyard were analyzed for the hottest and coldest day so far in the cold and semi-arid climate of Sabzevar. ENVI-met was used to simulate outdoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, and to convert these data to Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The results show that the air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are affected by the shape of the courtyard and the openings and play an important role in achieving optimal thermal comfort. The results show that the enclosed courtyard provides better protection from wind and radiation in this cold and semi-arid climate and is more successful from the point of view of thermal comfort. The results show that the enclosed courtyards provide better protection from wind and radiation in this cold and semi-arid climate and is closer to the thermal comfort range than the U-shaped courtyards from the thermal comfort point of view, with 4.88 and 7.73 degrees in the summer solstice and 4.01 and 1.28 degrees in the winter solstice in the UTCI and PET indices, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Courtyard, Urban Microclimate, Thermal Comfort, Opening, ENVI-met, Sabzevar | ||
| مراجع | ||
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