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ارزیابی شاخصهای ریسک سلامت اکولوژیک و انسانی فلزات (کادمیوم و سرب) در گرد و غبار ریزشی ساختمانهای دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
دوره 76، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 271-283 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2022.348809.2472 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
پرستو عسگری؛ لعبت تقوی* ؛ علی ماشینچیان مرادی | ||
گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
افزایش جمعیت و توسعة زیرساختهای شهری و صنعتی موجب افزایش آلایندههای جوی و مشکلات محیط زیستی متعددی شده است. هدف از مطالعة حاضر منشاءیابی و سنجش شاخص ریسک سلامت فلزات سنگین (کادمیم و سرب) در گرد و غبار ریزشی ساختمانهای واحد علوم و تحقیقات بود. بدینمنظور نمونهبرداری ذرات رسوب کرده جوی (گرد و غبار) از فضاهای داخلی ساختمانها در 20 نقطه به روش غیر فعال (Passive) انجام شد. غلظتهای بهدست آمدة فلزات مورد مطالعه برای محاسبة انواع شاخصهای ریسک سلامت، شاخص غنیشدگی، شاخص زمینانباشت، شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک، شاخص ریسک سرطانزایی و شاخص خطر (Hazard Index) استفاده شدند. میانگین غلظت فلزات مورد مطالعه در ایستگاههای مختلف برای فلزات کادمیوم و سرب بهترتیب 0/85±5/4081 و 71/9418±170/9257میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم ارزیابی شد. بین غلظت میانگین فلزات از نظر آماری دارای اختلاف بود بهنحوی که این اختلاف محسوس با فلز سرب (0/05<P) و فلز کادمیوم (0/05>P) مشاهده گردید. فاکتور غنیشدگی تفاوت معنیداری را بین سرب (0/05<P) با کادمیوم (0/05>P) نشان دادند. شاخص زمین انباشت بین کادمیوم (0/05<P) و سرب (0/05>P) دارای اختلاف بود. شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک در همة ایستگاهها بهجز ایستگاههای 8 و 18 پایین ارزیابی شد. جذب مزمن روزانه از مسیر گوارشی برای فلز سرب در بالاترین حد محاسبه گردید. شاخص غیر سرطانزایی از مسیر گوارش برای فلز سرب بالا ارزیابی شد. مسیر تنفس نیز ریسک خیلی کم را نشان داد. بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد منطقة مورد مطالعه دارای آلودگیهای فلزات سنگین میباشد که برای گروههای حساس جامعه دارای ظرفیت ریسک سرطانزایی و غیرسرطانزایی میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شاخص خطر غیرسرطانزایی؛ ریسک غیر سرطانزایی؛ فلز سنگین؛ مکان آموزشی | ||
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