تأثیر نیتروژن استارتر، پوتریسین و نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد و برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیک نخود دیم

Amany, A.B. (2007). Effect of plant density and urea foliar application on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3 (4), 220-223.

Amraee Tabar, S., Ershadi, A., & Robati, T. (2016). The effect of putrescine and spermine on drought tolerance of almond and peach. Journal of Crops Improvement, 18 (1), 203-218. (In Persian).

Anjum, M.A. (2010). Response of Cleopatra mandarin seedlings to a polyamine-biosynthesis inhibitor under salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 951-959.

Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23,112-121.

Bahavar, N., Ebadi, A., Tobeh, A., & Jamaati-e-Somarin, Sh. (2009). Effects of nitrogen application on growth of irrigated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress in hydroponics condition. Research Journal of Enviromental  Science, 3, 448-45.

Baili, P., Sui Fang, G., Geti, D., Sunzhao, H., Lu, Y., & Zhou Guang, S. (2006). Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system of maize, Pedosphere, 16(3), 326-332.

Bates, L, Waldren, S.R.P., & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil, 39,205-207.

Couée,I., Hummel, I., Sulman, C., Gouesbet, G., & El-Amrani, A. (2004). Involvement of polyamines in root development. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 76, 1-10.

Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, I.K., Rcbers, P.A., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28, 350-356.

El-Bassiouny, H. M., Mostafa, H. A., El-Khawas, S.A., Hassanein, R.A., Khalil, S.I., & Abd El- Monem, A.A. (2008). Physiological responses of wheat plant to foliar treatments with arginine or putrescine. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2, 1390-1403.

Gong, H. Z., Chen K., Wans S., & Zhang, C. (2005). Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science, 169, 313-321.

Groppa, M. D., & Benavides, M. P. (2008) Polyamines and abiotic stress: recent advances. Amino Acids, 34, 35-45.

Gupta, S., Agarwal, V., & Gupta, N. K. (2012). Efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in relation to drought tolerance in wheat. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 18, 331-336.

Hadi, H., Seyed Sharifi, R., & Namvar, A. (2015). Phytoprotectants and Abiotic Stress. Urmia University. Urmia, Iran.  452 pp. (In Persian).

Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Anee, T., Khan, R., & Fujita, M. (2018). Silicon-mediated regulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems confers drought stress tolerance in Brassica napus L.. African Journal of Botany, 115, 50-57.

Jiao, J., Chen, K., & Yi, C. (2010). Effects of soil moisture content on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30, 4460-4466

Kalteh, M., Alipour, Z.T., Ashraf, S., Aliabadi, M.M., & Nosratabadi, A.F., (2014). Effect of silica nanoparticles on basil (Ocimum basilicum) under salinity stress. Journal Chemistry Health Risks, 4, 49-55.

Li, R. H.,Guo, P. G., Michael, B., Stefania, G., & Salvatore, C. (2006) Evaluation of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters as indicators of drought tolerance in barley. Agricultural Sciences in China, 5, 751-757.

Liang,Y., Zhu,Y., &Christie, P. (2006). Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: A Review. Enviromental Pollution, 147(2), 422-428.

Lin, T., Zhu, X., & Zhang, F. (2012). The Interaction effect of cadmium and nitrogen on Populus yunnanensis. Journal of  Agricultural Science, 4(2),125-134.

Logan, B.A., Demmig-Adams, B., Rosenstiel, T.N., & Adams, W.W. (1999). Effect of nitrogen limitation on foliar antioxidants in relationship to other metabolic characteristics. Planta, 299, 213-220.

Mahgoub, M.H., Abd El Aziz, N.G., & Mazhar, M.A. (2011). Response of Dahilia pinnata L. plant to foliar spray with putrescine and thiamine on growth, flowering and photosynthetic pigments. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 10, 769-775.

Marschner, H., & Dell, B. (1994). Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil, 159, 89-102.

Merwad, A.R.M.A., Desoky, E.S.M., & Rady, M.M. (2018). Response of water deficit-stressed Vigna unguiculata performances to silicon, proline or methionine foliar application. Scientia Horticulturae, 228, 132-144.

Miller, G., Suzuki, N., Ciftci-Yilmaz, S., & Mittler, R. (2010). Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signaling during drought and salinity stresses. Plant Cell and Environment, 33(4), 453-467.

Namvar, A., Seyed Sharifi, R., Sedghi, M., Khandan, T. & Eskandarpour, B. (2011). Study on the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components, and nodulation state of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(9), 1097-1109

Nassar, A.H., Khaled, A.E., & Krishnapillai, S. (2003). Growth promotion of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by a polyamine-producing isolate of Streptomyces griseoluteus. Plant Grows Regulation, 40, 97-106.

Nayyar, H., Satwinder, K., Kumar, S., Singh, K.J., & Dhir, K. (2005). Involvement of polyamines in the contrasting sensitivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) to water deficit stress. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 46, 333-338

Noori, S.H., Kashani, A., Nabipour, M., & Mamghani, R. (2005). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of faba bean cultivars in Ahvaz climatic conditions. Proceeding of the 1st Iranian Pulses Symposium. Nov. 20-21, 2005. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. p. 419-422. (In Persian)

Ouellette, S., Goyette, M.H., Labbé, C., Laur, J., Gaudreau, L., Gosselin, A., Dorais, M., Deshmukh, R.K., & Bélanger, R. (2017). Silicon transporters and effects of silicon amendments in strawberry under high tunnel and field conditions Front. Plant Science, 8, 949-953.

Parvaiz, A., & Satyawati, S. (2008). Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants-a review. Plant, Soil and Environment, 54,89-99.

Pimratch, S., Jogloy, S., Vorasoot, N., Toomsan, B., Patanothai A., & Holbrook, C.C. (2008). Relationship between biomass production and nitrogen fixation under drought stress conditions in peanut genotypes with different levels of drought resistance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194,15-25.

Pritsa, T.S., & Voyiatzis, D.G. (2005). Correlation of ovary and leaf spermidine and spermine content with the alternate bearing habit of olive. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162,1284-1291.

Sabaghpour, H., Mahmoudi, A.A., Saeed, A., Kamel, M., & Malthora, R. S. (2006). Study on chickpea drought tolerance lines under dryland condition of Iran. Indian Journal of Crop Science, 1, 70-73.

Sajed Gollojeh, K., Khomari, S., Shekhzadeh, P., Sabaghnia, N., & Mohebodini, M. (2020). The effect of foliar spray of nano silicone and salicylic acid on physiological traits and seed yield of spring rapeseed at water limitation conditions. Electronic Journal of  Crop Production, 12, 137-156. (In Persian)

Saneoka, H., Moghaieb, R.E., Premachandra, G.S., & Fujita, K. (2004). Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relation in AgostispalustrisHuds. Enviromental of Experimental of Botany, 52, 131-138.

Schutz, H., & Fangmier, E. (2001). Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) to elevated CO2  and water limitation. Environmental Pollution, 114, 187-194.

Sepetoglu, H. (2002). Grain Legumes. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agric, Univ of Ege Pupl. 24/4, Izmir, Turkey.

Serraj, R., & Sinclair, T.R. (2002). Osmolyte accumulation: Can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(2), 333-341.

Seyed Sharifi, R., Khalilzadeh, R., &Vatandoost, M. (2017).Study of nitrogen fertilizer and cycocel on Fv/Fm and dry matter mobilization to grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 1 (169) , 5-17.

Shekari, F., Abbasi, A., & Mustafavi, S.H. (2017). Effect of silicon and selenium on enzymatic changes and productivity of dill in saline condition. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(4), 367-374.

Shen, X., Zhou,Y., Duan,L., Li, Z., & Li, J. (2010). Silicon effects on photosynthesis and antioxidant parameters of soybean seedlings under drought and ultraviolet-B radiation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 1248-1252.

Shu, S., Guo, S.R., & Yuan, L.Y. (2012). A review: Polyamines and photosynthesis. PP. 439-464. In: Najafpour, M. (Ed.), Advances in PhotosynthesisFundamental Aspects. DOI: 10.5772/26875

Silva, O.N., Lobato A.K., Avila, F.W., Costa, L., Oliveira, F., Santos, B.G., Martins, A.P., Lemos, R., Pinho, J., Medeiros, M.B., Cardoso, M., & Andrade, I.P. (2012). Silicon-induced increase in chlorophyll is modulated by the leaf water potential in two water-deficient tomato cultivars. Plant Soil and Environment, 58, 481-486.

Sudhakar, C., Lakshmi, A., & Giridara Kumar, S. (2001). Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity. Plant Science, 167, 613-619.

Tripathi, D.K., Singh, S., Singh, V.P., Prasad, S.M., Chauhan, D.K., & Dubey, N.K. (2016b). Silicon nanoparticles more efficiently alleviate arsenate toxicity than silicon in maize cultivar and hybrid differing in arsenate tolerance. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 40, 46.

Verma, S., & Dubeym, R.S. (2001). Effect of cadmium on soluble sugars and enzymes of their etabolism in rice. Biologia Plantarum, 1, 117-123.

Walley, F.L., Boahen, S.G., Hnatowich, K., & Stevenson, C. (2005). Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85, 73-79.

Xie, Z., Jiag, D., Dai, T., Jing, Q., & Cao, W. (2004). Effects of exogenous ABA and cytokinin on leaf photosynthesis and grain protein accumulation in wheat ears cultured in vitro. Plant Growth Regulation, 44, 25-32.

Yang, S., Wang, Y., Liu, R., Li, Q., & Yang, Z. (2018). Effects of straw application on nitrate leaching in fields in the Yellow River irrigation zone of Ningxia, China. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 954.

Yosefi Kordlar, A, Ebadi, A., Sedghi, M., & Tavakoli, H. (2015). Effects of putrescine on quantum yield and chlorophyll fluresannce of alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) under water limitation stress. The First National Congress of Biology and Natural Sciences of Iran, December 11, 2015, Tehran, Iran.

Zhang, Z.L., & Qu, W. (2004). Experimental Guidance of Plant Physiology. High Education Press, Beijing.