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جغرافیای شادابی: تجزیه و تحلیل مکانی شادابی متاثر از عوامل اجتماعی اقتصادی در سطح نواحی روستایی (مورد پژوهش: روستاهای شهرستان تربتحیدریه) | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 شهریور 1401 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2022.343590.1747 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
خدیجه صادقی   1؛ علی حاجی نژاد 2؛ جواد بذرافشان3؛ مجید یاسوری4
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| 1دانش آموخته دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران | ||
| 4استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شادابی قضاوت و ارزیابی فرد از رضایت از کیفیت زندگی خود است. رتبه بندی شادابی جمعیتها و نگرشهایی که عوامل افزایش شادابی در آنها وجود دارد، در حال حاضر بصورت روزافزون مورد توجه جامعه علمی بین المللی، سیاستگذاران و مردم واقع شده است. امروزه توجه به تحقیقات شادابی و بهزیستی ذهنی در مطالعات جغرافیایی در عرصه بین الملل افزایش یافته است. مطالعات انجام گرفته نشان داده است تفاوتهای مکانی در شادابی افراد بین مکانها و مناطق وجود دارد. تفاوتهای بین المللی، بین منطقه ای و بین شهری در شادابی انجام گرفته است اما تاکنون تفاوت شادابی افراد در مناطق روستایی مختلف به ویژه در ایران انجام نگرفته است. بنابراین این پژوهش به بررسی وضعیت شادابی و وابستگی مکانی آن در مناطق روستایی شهرستان تربت حیدریه پرداخته است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. ابزارگردآوری داده ها، پرسشنامه و مصاحبه از نمونهای منتخب مشتمل بر 380 خانوار از جامعه آماری خانوارهای روستایی شهرستانهای تربتحیدریه (23105N=) با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونهگیری سهمیهای بوده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آمار توصیفی، پرسشنامه شادابی فوردایس، رگرسیون چندگانه و برای تحلیل وضعیت شادابی روستاهای مورد مطالعه شهرستان تربتحیدریه از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) استفاده شده است. نتایج آزمون و مقایسه میانگینهای شادابی کسب شده از پرسشنامه فوردایس حاکی از آن است که میزان شادابی روستاها در سه دسته پایین (میانگین نمرات 320-355)، متوسط( 356-365) و بالا (366-385) طبقه بندی شدند. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه نیز نشان داد از میان 18 متغیر مستقل مرتبط با شادابی 4 متغیر درآمد با ضریب همبستگی (399/0)، سرمایه اجتماعی (383/0) فاصله 5 کیلومتر با نزدیکترین شهر(599/0) و فاصله 10 تا 15 کیلومتر با شهر با ضریب (452/0) بیشترین همبستگی را با شادابی خانورهای روستایی داشته است. همچنین بررسی نقشه وضعیت شادابی روستاهای مورد مطالعه نیز با توجه به خوشه ای بودن شادابی روستاها، وابستگی مکانی شادابی را تایید می کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شادابی؛ وابستگی مکانی؛ رگرسیون؛ شهرستان تربتحیدریه؛ پرسشنامه فوردایس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Geography of happiness of rural areas of Torbat-e Heydarieh Township | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Khadije Sadeghi1؛ ali hajinejad2؛ Javad Bazafshan3؛ majid yasouri4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Sistan and Balochestan, Zahedan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Sistan and | ||
| 4Full Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Happiness refers to short-term emotional states or long-term cognitive evaluation, and refers to a person's overall judgment of his or her desired life,policy makers and the public. Most studies have examined the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals such as age, marital status, gender, and income as independent variables to predict Happiness or life satisfaction. But environmental and geographical variables are a relatively new area of research, and few economists have examined the relationship between Happiness and environmental factors. At the same time, more Happiness has been done in the external arena at the national and regional levels, and few studies have shown spatial differences of Happiness even at the level of The city has been surveyed but no information is available at the village level. Even few studies have examined the geographical patterns of Happiness. In Iran, however, no studies have been conducted in this field. Since changes in Happiness at the village level and the prediction of rural mobility and migration are useful for rural and social planning, it is necessary to pay attention to the spatial differences between mental well-being and Happiness in rural areas. For this purpose, this study has investigated the changes in the Happiness of people living in rural areas of Torbat-e Heydarieh. Methodology ThThe present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method.Observation and interview methods were used to help analyze the quantitative data. The statistical population is rural households in Torbat-e Heydarieh (N = 23105), 380 rural households were selected using. Statistical methods were used to answer the questions and analyze the data. The Happiness of rural households was assessed using a Fordyce Happiness questionnaire. Then the mean Happiness scores were entered into the Geographic Information System (GIS) for analysis. Multivariate regression has also been used to examine the relationship and correlation between contextual, spatial, economic and social variables. Results To assess the Happiness of rural households and in line first the Fordyce Happiness Questionnaire was used and based on the scores obtained in this questionnaire, the Happiness levels were divided into three categories: low vigor level (average 320-355), medium vigor level (average 356-365) According to the scores obtained for each village, it was found that the level of Happiness in villages that are less distance from the nearest city center and also have a plain settlement is higher than other villages. Also, the results of multiple regression test show that among the 16 contextual variables, socio-economic, distance to the city and residential location, age (0.362), income (0.399), social capital (0.383), Distance of 5 km (0.599) and distance of 10 to 15 km (0.452) were most associated with Happiness. Of course, the two variables of gender (0.282) and education (0.210) were also correlated with the Happiness of rural households at the level of 0.005. The lowest correlation was related to the distance above 15 km (0.004) and the location of Dashti settlement (0.009). Discussion The average Happiness scores for each of the sample villages based on the location of the settlement and also the distance of each village to the nearest city showed that at a high level of Happiness there is a significant difference between villages close to the city and villages further away from the city. In other words, the villages that were shorter distances to the city had a higher level of Happiness. Respondents in rural areas with average distance from the city reported an average level of Happiness. Although the difference in the level of Happiness between villages with different distances to the nearest city is not large, but the average difference in Happiness between the villages closest to the city and the farthest villages to the city is 30 points difference. Also, the study of average Happiness scores and attention to the output map of the Happiness status of villages also shows that most of the villages with higher Happiness levels are located in the Dashti settlement. Also, the results of multiple regression test indicate that among the contextual variables, the age variable had a significant relationship and correlation with the Happiness of rural households. The study of socio-economic variables showed that the variables of income and social capital were more correlated with the Happiness of rural households. In this regard, rural households acknowledged that the situation of income and social capital among households was appropriate. Among the variables of distance factor, two variables of distance of 5 km to the nearest city and also distance of 10 to 15 km to the nearest city were more related to the Happiness of rural households. Conclusion Geographers believe that the Happiness of individuals may be spatially dependent. People's well-being may be spatially related, meaning that happy and dissatisfied people are more likely to be in different areas close to each other. Therefore, attention to spatial factors in addition to economic and social factors in research related to Happiness and sustainable rural development should be a priority in community development programs. Therefore, in this study, the spatial correlation of Happiness was investigated. As stated in the research findings section; Among the 16 variables measured, five variables had the highest correlation with individuals' Happiness. These variables are age, income, social capital, distance of 5 km to the city and distance of 5 to 10 km to Tashahr. Also, their employment has been effective in the level of Happiness, and considering that income is also a function of employment, so they were satisfied with their income status and it was shown that the income variable had a significant impact on the level of Happiness of residents. However, the highest level of Happiness belongs to the distance of five kilometers from Tashahr. According to field observations, these villages have more amenities due to their proximity to the city and have easier and faster access to facilities and services, as well as more job variety and income are. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Happiness, spatial dependence, regression, Torbat-e Heydarieh Township, Fordyce Questionnaire | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 187 |
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