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تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 53، شماره 7، مهر 1401، صفحه 1625-1643 اصل مقاله (1.4 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.344871.669298 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ناهید حیدری1؛ سید بهمن موسوی2؛ علی بهشتی آل آقا* 3؛ فاطمه رخش4؛ اسماعیل کریمی5 | ||
1کارشناس ارشد مدیریت منابع خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران. | ||
3دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
4دکتری علوم خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
5استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه مناطق گستردهای از جنگلها به اراضی کشاورزی تغییر کاربری داده است و تغییر کاربری اراضی از عوامل مهم کاهش -دهنده کیفیت خاک میباشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی از جنگل و مرتع به کشاورزی بر برخی از ویژگیهای خاک در منطقه سراب بادیه (استان کرمانشاه) است. نمونهبرداری در سال 1398 و از نقاط هم شیب و همسان در قالب طرح آشیانهای صورت گرفت. برای این منظور 4 منطقه در نزدیکی هم که دارای چشمانداز یکسان و شامل 3 کاربری جنگل، مرتع و کشاورزی بودند و همچنین 2 عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتیمتری در نظر گرفته شدند. از هر عمق در کاربریهای مختلف نمونههای مرکب تهیه شد. پس از انتقال نمونهها به آزمایشگاه، ویژگیهای مهم خاک بر اساس روشهای استاندارد اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بر اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی در بین ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانهها بیش از سایر ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت بهنحویکه با تغییر کاربری از جنگل به کشاورزی در لایه زیرین خاک (20-40 سانتیمتری) به میزان 04/51 درصد کاهش یافت. در بین ویژگیهای شیمیایی خاک کربن آلی و نیتروژن کل با 95/52 درصد کاهش در لایه سطحی خاک (0-20 سانتیمتری)، بیشترین تغییرپذیری را در اثر تغییر کاربری از جنگل به مرتع داشتند. ضریب متابولیکی به تغییر کاربری اراضی حساس بود بهنحویکه مقدار آن با تغییر کاربری از جنگل به کشاورزی به میزان 92/92 درصد در لایه زیرین خاک (40-20 سانتیمتری) کاهش یافت. این ویژگیها (میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانهها، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و ضریب متابولیکی) به تغییر شرایط مدیریتی در سطح مزرعه حساسیت بالایی دارند بنابراین میتوان از این ویژگیها برای پایش کیفیت خاک استفاده نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پایداری خاکدانه؛ جنگل؛ کربن آلی؛ مرتع | ||
مراجع | ||
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