- (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th edition. Association of official analytical chemists, Arlington, VA.
- Archer, G. S. (2005). Reducing stress in sheep by feeding the seaweed Ascophyllum Nodosum. Ph.D thesis. Texas University, USA.
- Behan, A. A., Loh, T. C., Fakurazi, S., Kaka, U., Kaka, A. & Samsudin, A. A. (2019). Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep. Journal of Animals (MDPI), 9, 400; 18.
- Bhatt, R.S., Sahoo, A., Shinde, A.K. & Karim, S.A. (2014). Effect of calcium salt of fatty acids supplementation on performance of Malpura lambs. Journal of Animal Production Science,55,1123-1130.
- Bhatt, R. S., Sahoo, A., Karim, S. A. & Gadekar, Y. P. (2016). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rumen bypass-fat supplementation on growth, nutrient utilisation, and rumen fermentation and carcass traits of lambs. Journal of Animal Production Science. Published online November 29, 2016, from www.publish.csiro.au/journals/an.
- Bianchi, A. E., Macedo, V. P., Franca, R. T., Lopes, S. T. A., Lopes, L. S., Stefani, L. M., Volpato, A., Lima, H. L., Paiano, D., Machadoe, G. & Da Silva, A. S. (2014). Effect of adding palm oil to the diet of dairy sheep on milk production and composition, function of liver and kidney, and the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and progesterone in blood serum. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 117, 78-83.
- De Souza, J., Preseault, C. L. & Lock, A. L. (2017). Altering the ratio of dietary palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in diets with or without whole cottonseed affects nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production responses of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 172-185.
- Dutta, T. K., Agnihotri, M. K. & Rao, S. B. N. (2008). Effect of supplemental palm oil on nutrient utilization, feeding economics and carcass characteristics in postweaned Muzafarnagari lambs under feedlot condition. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 78, 66-73.
- Foroozandeh, A. D., Amini, H. R., Ghalamkari, G. R., Shahzeydi, M. and Nasrollahi, S. M. (2014). The effect of fat type and L-carnitine administration on growth, feed digestibility and blood metabolites of growing Afshari lambs. Journal of Livestock Science, 164, 67-71.
- Freitas, T. B., Felix, T, L., Pedreira, M. S., Silva, R, R., Silva, F, F., Silva, H, G, O. & Moreira, B. S. (2017). Effects of increasing palm kernel cake inclusion in supplements fed to grazing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profile. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 226, 71-80.
- Ghahremani, M., Taghizadeh, A., Hosseinkhani, A., Mirzaee. A. H. R. Moghadam, GH. A. & Paya, H. (2019). The effect of feeding different fat sources in late pregnancy and early lactation on apparent digestibility, rumen parameters and pattern of fatty acid changes in Afshari ewes. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 11(4), 437-449 (In Farsi).
- Ghoorchi, , Gharabash, A. M. & Torbatinejad, N. M. (2006). Effect of calcium salt of long chain fatty acid on performance and blood metabolites of atabay lambs. Asian Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 1, 70-75.
- Haddad, S. G. & Younis, H. M. (2004). The effect of adding ruminally protected fat in fattening diets on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 113, 61-69.
- Kandi, M., Kazemi-Bonchenari, M., HosseinYazdi, M. & Mirzaei, M. (2020). Effects of Ca-salt of linseed oil supplementation and protein content in diet on performance, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein yield, and blood metabolites in young lambs. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 193, 106-257.
- Kronfeld, A. & Donoghue, S. (1980). Digestibility and associative effects of protected tallow. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 63, 642-645.
- Loften, J. R., Linn, J. G., Drackley, J. K., Jenkins, T. C., Soderholm, C. G. & Kertz, A. F. (2014). Invited review: Palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 4661-4674.
- Manso, T., Castro, T., Mantecón, A. R. & Jimeno, V. (2005). Effects of palm oil and calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids in fattening diets on digestibility, performance and chemical body composition of lambs. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127, 175-186.
- National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th National Academy Science. Washington D.C.
- National Research Council. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. The National Academy Press. Washington. DC. 384 pages.
- Nigdi, M. E., Loerch, S. C., Fluharty, F. L. & Palmiquist, D. L. (1990). Effect of calcium soaps of long chain fatty acids on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and ruminal metabolism of steers. Journal of Animal Science, 68, 2555-2565.
- Palmquist, D. L. & Jenkins, T. C. (1980). Fat in lactation rations: Review. Journal of Dairy Science. 63, 1-14.
- Piot, C., Hocquette, J., Herpin, P., Veerkamp, J. H. & Bauchartm, D. (2000). Dietary coconut oil affects more lipoprotein lipase activity than the mitochondria oxidative capacities in muscles of preruminant calves. Journal of Nutrition and Biochemistry, 11, 231-238.
- SAS Institute (computer software). (2019). Users Guide: Statistics, version 9.4. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc.
- Salinas, J., Ramirez, R. G., Dominguez, M. M., Reyes-Bernal, N., Trinidad-Larraga, N. &
Montano, M. F. (2005). Effect of calcium soaps of tallow on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Pelibuey lambs. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 66, 135-139.
- Seabrook, J. L., Peel, R., K. & Engel, T., E. (2011). The effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with calcium salts of fatty acids on finishing lamb feedlot performance, blood metabolites, muscle fatty acid composition, and carcass characteristics. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 95, 97-103.
- Van Keulen, J. & Young, B. A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Dairy Science, 44, 282-287.
- Van Soest, P. J., Robertson. J. B. & Lewis. B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharaides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3593-3597.
- Yap, C.Y.F. & Choon, A.W. (2010). Liver function tests (LFts). Journal of Proceedings of Singapoor Healthcare, 19, 80-2.
- Zinn, R.A. & Plascencia, A. (1996). Effect of forage level on the comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 74, 1194-1201.
|