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سمّ زیرالنون در تغذیه طیور | ||
علمی- ترویجی (حرفهای) دامِستیک | ||
دوره 21، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20، آذر 1400، صفحه 13-20 اصل مقاله (837.92 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/domesticsj.2021.321895.1068 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
امیر مصیب زاده* 1؛ امین رحیمی2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
سمّ قارچی زیرالنون (Zearalenone) در سر تا سر جهان در غلات و دانههایی مانند ذرت و سویا یافت میشود. این سم علیرغم ساختار غیر استرادیولی خود، گیرندههای استروژن را فعال کرده و موجب تغییرات عملکردی و بافتشناسی در اندامهای تولیدمثلی میشود. در بین حیوانات مزرعهای خوکها حساسیت بیشتری به این سمّ داشته و علائم مسمومیت با این سم شامل تحلیل تخمدان، افزایش فواصل فحلی، افزایش ماندگاری جسم زرد، کاهش باروری و مردهزایی است. مطالعات کنترل شده نشان داد که شدت این اثرات بستگی به مرحله تولیدمثلی حیوان دارد و بیشترین اثرات را در حیوان نابالغ دارد. سمّ زیرالنون نه تنها با هر دو نوع گیرندههای استروژن برهمکنش دارد، بلکه سوبسترای هیدروکسی استروئید دهیدروژناز نیز میباشد که این آنزیم این سمّ را به دو متابولیت ایزومری استروئیدی (Stereoisomeric) که شامل آلفا-زیرالنون و بتا-زیرالنون هستند، تبدیل میکند. متابولیتهای ثانویه آلفا-زیرالنون و بتا-زیرالنون در مرحله دوم احیا، تولید میشوند. آلفا-هیدروکسیلاسیون منجر به افزایش قدرت استروژنیک این ترکیبات در مقایسه با ترکیب اولیه شده و احتمالاً میزان اختصاصی بودن آلفا-هیدروکسیلاسیون در گونههای حیوانی به حساسیت قرار گرفتن آن گونه مشخص حیوان، مثلاً خوک، در معرض سمّ زیرالنون ارتباط داشته باشد. یکی دیگر از عوامل حساسیت گونه حیوان مربوط به ظرفیت غیرفعالسازی سمّ زیرالنون و متابولیتهای آن از طریق گلوکورونوئیداسیون است. در مقایسه با سایر گونههای حیوانی، خوکها ظرفیت غیرفعالسازی گلوکورونوئیداسیونی پائینی دارند و به همین دلیل، این امر میتواند موجب تأخیر در غیرفعالسازی زیرالنون شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
زیرالنون؛ سمّ؛ ناهنجاریهای تولیدمثلی؛ گیرنده استروژن؛ طیور | ||
مراجع | ||
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