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تحلیل فضایی-زمانی فرم شهری در کلانشهرهای ایران | ||
پژوهشهای جغرافیای برنامهریزی شهری | ||
مقاله 10، دوره 9، شماره 2، شهریور 1400، صفحه 487-506 اصل مقاله (629.71 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی - کاربردی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jurbangeo.2021.318936.1460 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسین منصوریان* 1؛ مریم نقدی زادگان جهرمی2؛ زینت گومه2 | ||
1عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
رشد شتابان جمعیت شهری جهان در چند دهۀ اخیر، سبب گسترش فیزیکی و تغییرات اساسی در فرم شهرها شده است. فرم شهری بهعنوان آرایش فضایی عناصر فیزیکی شهر، آثار معناداری بر فعالیت و سلامت جسمی و روانی، الگوهای حملونقل، تعاملات اجتماعی، کیفیت زیستمحیطی، تغییرات اقلیمی و بهزیستی انسان دارد؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل فضایی-زمانی فرم شهری در کلانشهرهای ایران است. دادههای جمعیتی و تصاویر ماهوارهای لندست برای استخراج تحولات جمعیت و اراضی شهری در هشت کلانشهر تهران، مشهد، اصفهان، شیراز، تبریز، کرج، قم و اهواز در سه مقطع زمانی 1366، 1379 و 1396 استفاده شد. متریکهای سیمای سرزمین برای کمیسازی فرم شهری، تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی برای شناسایی ابعاد فرم شهری و تحلیل خوشه برای دستهبندی کلانشهرها براساس ویژگیهای فرم شهری بهکار برده شد. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد در اغلب کلانشهرهای ایران، میان رشد جمعیت و رشد اراضی شهری، تناسبی وجود ندارد. در سه دهۀ اخیر، کلانشهرهای شیراز و تبریز بیشترین میزان پراکندهرویی شهری را تجربه کردهاند. نتایج تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی، سه بعد شکل، چشمانداز و تراکم را برای فرم کلانشهرهای ایران شناسایی کرد. کلانشهرهای کرج و شیراز با ویژگیهای پیچیدگی نسبتاً پایین در شکل پچهای شهری، پیچیدگی بالا در چشمانداز شهری، تعدد پچهای کوچک، ارزش پایین متریک میانگین فاصلۀ میان پچهای مجاور، تراکم بالای پچهای شهری و سهم پایینتر بزرگترین پچ شهری، به رشد پراکنده و بینظم متمایل هستند. کلانشهرهای تهران و قم با ویژگیهای پیچیدگی پایین در شکل پچهای شهری، پیچیدگی نسبتاً بالا در چشمانداز شهری، تراکم پایین پچهای شهری و سهم بالای بزرگترین پچ از مساحت کلانشهر، متمایل به فرم شهری فشردهتر و منظمتر در مقایسه با سایر کلانشهرهای ایران هستند. سایر کلانشهرها به لحاظ فرم شهری، حد واسط الگوی فشرده و منظم کلانشهر تهران و الگوی پراکنده و بینظم کلانشهر کرج قرار میگیرند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ایران؛ رشد شهری؛ فرم شهر؛ کلانشهر؛ متریکهای سیمای سرزمین | ||
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