پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,998,871 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,673,325 |
Analysis Settlement Patterns of Prehistoric Sites of Mazandaran | ||
| مطالعات باستان شناسی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 24، اسفند 1399، صفحه 59-75 اصل مقاله (882.48 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jarcs.2021.312939.142945 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Narjes Heydari* 1؛ Rahmat Abbas Nezhad2؛ Mojtaba Safari3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Nima, Mahmod abad, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran | ||
| 3PHD Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. Faculty Member of Nima University, Mahmod abad, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Present paper review 350 sites from Middle Paleolithic, upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, respectively, 4, 9, 6, 28, 36, 15 and 252 sites. Pearson correlation coefficient test indicates a meaningful relationship between number of sites through every single period and other variations including longitude, distance to river and climate. Some 60.9% of sites located at -26 m to 500 m longitude, including fertile plains and foothills that reward seashore and marine sources. Most of the sites locates at the eastern part of the region that is generally plains with low humidity and precipitation. There are 18.1% of Iron Age sites at 1000-1500 m longitude that consist of seasonal settlements of mountain valleys. There is not meaningful relation between number of sites and slope variable. Most of the sites locates at 0-1500 m far from rivers. Considering analysis about settlement patterns in prehistoric sites of the region, number of Middle Paleolithic to Chalcolithic sites suggest an ascending process, however, they the number decreases during Bronze Age. Then, the sites increase during Iron Age, which indicate ties between high density of settlements and high capacity of environment. Finally, the average area of settlements increased from Neolithic to Bronze Ages, then decreased during Iron Age. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| settlement pattern؛ Mazandaran؛ Prehistory؛ Geographical analyzing system؛ environmental variables | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis Settlement Patterns of Prehistoric Sites of Mazandaran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Narjes Heydari1؛ Rahmat Abbas Nezhad2؛ Mojtaba Safari3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Nima, Mahmod abad, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran | ||
| 3PHD Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. Faculty Member of Nima University, Mahmod abad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Present paper review 350 sites from Middle Paleolithic, upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, respectively, 4, 9, 6, 28, 36, 15 and 252 sites. Pearson correlation coefficient test indicates a meaningful relationship between number of sites through every single period and other variations including longitude, distance to river and climate. Some 60.9% of sites located at -26 m to 500 m longitude, including fertile plains and foothills that reward seashore and marine sources. Most of the sites locates at the eastern part of the region that is generally plains with low humidity and precipitation. There are 18.1% of Iron Age sites at 1000-1500 m longitude that consist of seasonal settlements of mountain valleys. There is not meaningful relation between number of sites and slope variable. Most of the sites locates at 0-1500 m far from rivers. Considering analysis about settlement patterns in prehistoric sites of the region, number of Middle Paleolithic to Chalcolithic sites suggest an ascending process, however, they the number decreases during Bronze Age. Then, the sites increase during Iron Age, which indicate ties between high density of settlements and high capacity of environment. Finally, the average area of settlements increased from Neolithic to Bronze Ages, then decreased during Iron Age. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| settlement pattern, Mazandaran, Prehistory, Geographical analyzing system, environmental variables | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alizadeh. A. 2001. Theory and Practice in Archeology. ehran: Country Cultural Heritage Organization (in Persian). Badiee. R.1999. Detailed Geography of Iran. Volume One. Tehran: Iqbal Publications (in Persian). Bayat. A. 1988. Generalities of Natural and Historical Geography of Iran. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications (in Persian). Darvill. T. 2002. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. Fagan. B. 2006. Introduction: An Introduction to Archeology (Principles, Foundations and Methods). translated by Gholam Ali Shamloo. Volumes I and II. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books (Position) (in Persian). Firoozfar. A. 2012. Southern Caspian Sea Coast, Morphology, Sediment Characteristics, and sea level change. Proceedings od the Annual International Conference on Solis. Sediments. Water and Energy. Volume 17. Article 12. pp. 122-150. Froehlich. K. Rozanski. K. Povinec. P. Oregioni. B. Gastaud. J. 1999. Isotope studies in the Caspian Sea. The Science of the Total Environment. pp. 419-427. Gabriel. A. 1969. Geographical Research on Iran. Translated by Fath Ali Khajeh Nourian. Tehran: Ibn Sina Publications (in Persian). Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces. 2000. Geographical culture of the country's mountains. Volume 4. Tehran: Publisher of the Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces (in Persian). Ghamari Fatideh. M. Vahdati Nasab. H. Mousavi. S. M. 2015. Fluctuations of the Caspian Sea from the third millennium BC to the last millennium and its effect on the distribution of settlement centers in the southeast of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Geographical Research Natural. University of Tehran. No. 47. pp. 37-56 (in Persian). Greenfield. H. J. Van Schalkwyk. L. O. 2008. Early Iron Age Regional Settlement and Demographic Patterns along the Eastern Seaboard of South Africa: A view from the lower Thukela River Valley. In Animals and People: Archaeozoological Papers in Honour of Ina Plug. (S. Badenhorst, P. Mitchell and J. C. Driver) eds. British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1849. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. 131-151. Heidari. N. 2016. Study of settlement patterns in prehistoric sites of Mazandaran province from Paleolithic to Iron Age. PhD thesis of Mazandaran University (in Persian). Ishaqi. R. Shidfar. M. R. 2003. Travel Planning Guide in Mazandaran Province. Sari: Publication of Iran Tourism Organization of Mazandaran Province (in Persian). Kakroudi. A. 2013. Fluctuations of the Caspian Sea and its impact on the southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea. Quantitative Morphological Research. Second Year. No. 3. pp. 44-33 (in Persian). Khoshravan. H. Vafaei. B. 2016. Caspian Sea water level fluctuations (past, present and future). Abstract of the 18th International Conference on Marine Industries. Kish Island. Iranian Marine Engineering Association (in Persian). Moshiri. M. H. 2010. Investigation of fluctuations in the water level of the Caspian Sea. Mapping Quarterly. No. 107. pp. 29-31 (in Persian). Parsons. J. R. 1972. Archaeological Settlement Patterns. Annual Review of Anthropology 1. pp. 127-150. Qangarmeh. A. Malek. J. 2005. Peaceful coexistence with Caspian Sea water fluctuations for sustainable development of the Iranian coast (Case study of the southeast coast). Geographical Research. No. 54. Winter. pp. 1-11 (in Persian).
Riahi. V. 2002. Mazandaran. second edition. Tehran: Cultural Research Publishing Office (in Persian). Roberts. B. K. 2003. Landscapes of Settlement.Prehistory to the present. London. Schreiber. K. 1996. Settlement Archaeology, The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Oxford University Press. pp. 635-636. Trigger. B. G. 1967. Settlement Archaeology: Its goal and promise. American Antiquity32 (2). pp.149-160. Underhill. A. Feinman. G. M. Nicholas. L. M. Fang. H. Luan. Fengshi. Yu. Haiguang. Cai. Fengshu. 2008. Changes in regional settlement patterns and the development of complex societies in Southeastern Shandong, China: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27. pp.1-29. Vandenberg. L. 2000. Archeology of Iran. translated by Issa Behnam. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. Volta. B. P. 2007. Archaeological Settlement Patterns in the Kingdom of the Avocado. M. A Thesis. Department of Anthropology. University of California. Sandiego. Willey. G. R. 1953. Prehistoric settlement patterns in the Viru Valley. Peru. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. no. 155. Washington D.C: Smithsonian Institution. Zende Del. H. 2000. Comprehensive guide to tourism in Mazandaran province. first edition. Tehran: Published by Irangardan (in Persian).
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 611 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 497 |
||