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تحلیل ماتریس همبست تعاملات آبهای فرامرزی در حوضه آبریز هیرمند | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 52، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 273-300 اصل مقاله (931.44 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.305456.668661 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سیده زهرا قریشی1؛ حجت میان آبادی* 2؛ عاطفه پرورش ریزی3 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
2استادیار، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
3دانشیار، گروه سازههای آبی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این مقاله با اتخاذ روش تاریخی-توصیفی-تحلیلی، استناد به منابع کتابخانهای و استفاده از «ماتریس همبست تعاملات آبهای فرامرزی» به تصویرسازیِ روند تعاملات آبی ایران و افغانستان بر سر رودخانه هیرمند پرداخته است و نشان داده است که تسهیم آب در حوضه هیرمند علاوه بر شرایط اقلیمی و ویژگیهای حوضه آبریز به شدت از مراودات سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی دو کشور نیز اثرپذیر است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهند مسأله تسهیم آب هیرمند در اکثر بازههای مراوداتی دو کشور، در سطح مناسبات سیاسی قرار داشته است. اما طی بازه 1390 تا 1399 این مناسبات فرصتسازی شده است. در حقیقت وجود معاهده هیرمند که در آن نیاز زیستمحیطی هامونها مسکوت مانده است در کنار کمکهای بینالمللی در این بازه سدسازیهای افغانستان را تشدید نموده است و جلب سرمایهگذاری خارجی را برای این کشور به همراه داشته است. از اینرو، چانهزنی بر سر مسائل صرفاً فنی نمیتواند وضعیت تسهیم آب در این حوضه را در شرایط مطلوبی قرار دهد؛ بلکه نیاز است دو کشور با تمسک به فرصتهای همکاری در زمینههای اقتصادی، فرهنگی و امنیتی، به برجستهسازی وابستگیهای متقابلِ اقتصادی و اجتماعی به یکدیگر بپردازند تا تعاملی بر حسب منافعِ پایدار برای طرفین ایجاد شود؛ که در نهایت ارزش و باوری مشترک برای ایجاد هنجارِ مشترک میان ایران و افغانستان در بهرهبرداری از منابع آب هیرمند شکلگیرد. این مهم اهمیتِ سیاسیزدایی از مسأله آب را نمایان میسازد تا از اصطکاکهای سیاسی در مواجهه با مسائل آبی جلوگیری شود. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد در تمام ادوار با حکمیت کشورهای ثالث، وضعیت تسهیم آب هیرمند بدتر شده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تاریخ آب؛ سیاسیزدایی؛ هیدروپلیتیک؛ مأموریت هیدرولیکی؛ پروژه دره هلمند | ||
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