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تأثیر باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات بر واکنش ارقام گندم نان به تنش گرمای انتهای فصل | ||
| به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 23، شماره 4، دی 1400، صفحه 698-683 اصل مقاله (1.86 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2021.305632.2414 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسما اصلانی1؛ مهرو مجتبایی زمانی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی گروه کشاورزی، واحد رامهرمز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رامهرمز، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد رامهرمز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رامهرمز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی امکان کاهش اثر منفی تنش گرمای انتهای فصل با استفاده از باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات، این پژوهش در سال زراعی 98-1397 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در منطقه هفتکل وابسته به دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رامهرمز به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح (اول آذرماه و 12 دی‌ماه) و عامل فرعی به‌صورت فاکتوریل شامل پنج رقم گندم نان (چمران2، مهرگان، سیروان، شوش و برات) و دو سطح کاربرد باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات (عدم تلقیح و تلقیح بذر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که با تأخیر در کاشت و وقوع تنش گرما در دوره پرشدن دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت و دوره مؤثر پرشدن دانه کاهش و سرعت پرشدن دانه افزایش یافت و شدت واکنش بسته به رقم متفاوت بود. رقم مهرگان در هر دو تاریخ کاشت از عملکرد بالایی برخوردار بود و در تاریخ کاشت تأخیری با بیش‌ترین افزایش در سرعت پرشدن دانه و کم‌ترین کاهش تعداد دانه در سنبله، بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت را به خود اختصاص داد. با تلقیح بذر با باکتری در هر دو تاریخ کاشت، به‌طور متوسط، تعداد دانه در سنبله 6/4 درصد، عملکرد دانه 6/7 درصد و عملکرد بیولوژیک 7 درصد افزایش یافت، اما اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت در رقم در باکتری بر عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با آن معنی‌دار نبود و ازاین‌رو، تأثیر باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات بر تخفیف اثر تنش گرما اثبات نشد و تأثیر مثبت باکتری در هر دو تاریخ کاشت یکسان بود. در مجموع در این پژوهش، توانایی بالاتر در افزایش سرعت پرشدن دانه و حفظ بیش‌تر تعداد دانه در سنبله، دو صفت با اهمیت برای دستیابی به عملکرد دانه بالاتر در شرایط تنش گرمای انتهای فصل شناخته شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تاریخ کاشت؛ تغییر اقلیم؛ رشد دانه؛ عملکرد؛ کود زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Reaction of Bread Wheat Cultivars to Late-Season Heat Stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Asma Aslani1؛ Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student of agroecology, Department of Agriculture, Ramhormoz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistance Professor, Department of Agriculture, Ramhormoz branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz,, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the supervision of Ramhormoz Islamic Azad University, during the growing season 2016-2017. The main factor consists of planting date in two levels (22 November and 2 January) and the sub factors as a factorial consisted of five bread wheat cultivars (Chamran2, Mehregan, Sirvan, Shush and Barat) and of two levels application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (inoculation and without inoculation). The results show that with a delay in planting and occurrence of heat stress in grain filling period, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and effective grain filling period are decreased and grain filling rate is increased. Also, the reaction intensity has varied depending on the cultivar. Mehregan cultivar has high yield in both planting dates and in the delayed planting date with the highest increase in grain filling rate and the lowest decrease in number of seeds per spike, had the highest grain yield and harvest index. By inoculating the seeds with bacteria, on both planting dates, on average, the number of seeds per spike is increased by 4.6%, grain yield by 7.6%, and biological yield by 7%, but the interaction effect between planting date, cultivar and bacteria on yield and its related traits is not significant. Therefore, the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on mitigating the effect of heat stress is not proven and the positive effect of bacteria is the same on both planting dates. Overall, in this study, higher ability to increase grain filling speed and maintain more grain number per spike are identified as two important traits for achieving higher grain yield under late-season heat stress conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biofertilizer, climate change, grain growth, planting date, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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