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سیاست همسایگی اروپا و تأثیر آن بر همگرایی اتحادیۀ اروپا و جمهوری مولداوی | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
دوره 13، شماره 2، مهر 1399، صفحه 681-708 اصل مقاله (861.75 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2020.308093.449944 | ||
نویسنده | ||
رکسانا نیکنامی* | ||
استادیار مطالعات منطقهای، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
با پایان جنگ سرد، اروپا با چالشهای ژئوپلیتیک جدیدی روبهرو شد که تأثیر محیط پیرامونی را بر امنیت این قاره افزایش داد. یکی از این چالشها، استقلال اقمار شوروی در اروپای شرقی بود. دولت مستقل مولداوی در سال ۱۹۹۱ در نقشۀ سیاسی جهان متولد شد. پس از عضویت رومانی در اتحادیۀ اروپا، این کشور همسایۀ اتحادیۀ اروپا شد و در سال ۲۰۰۴ در کنار پنج کشور دیگر، سیاست همسایگی اروپا و بعد سیاست مشارکت شرقی را پذیرفت. این سیاست مهمترین ابزار اتحادیۀ اروپا برای پیشبرد همگرایی در محیط همسایگی شرقی محسوب میشود و مولداوی به بهترین شکل از امکانات آن استفاده کرده است. بهطوری که فرایند همگرایی بهسوی بستن موافقتنامۀ تجارت آزاد عمیق و همهجانبه کشیده شد و نظام آزادسازی ویزا نیز برای مولداوی برقرار شد. با توجه به آنچه گفتیم این پرسش مطرح است که اجرای سیاست همسایگی اروپا و بهطور مشخص سیاست مشارکت شرقی چه تأثیری بر همگرایی اتحادیۀ اروپا و مولداوی داشته است و تا چه حد اتحادیۀ اروپا توانسته است آن را بهصورت موفقیتآمیزی به پیش ببرد؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه را مطرح میکنیم که بهبود روابط در قالب موافقتنامۀ همکاری و تجارت آزاد میان اتحادیۀ اروپا و مولداوی سبب تسری همگرایی از حوزۀ اقتصادی به حوزۀ سیاسی و نهادی و گسترش روابط دو طرف شده است؛ اما از نظر عمق تأثیر آن با عاملهای متعدد داخلی و خارجی از سوی هر دو طرف محدود شده است. بر همین مبنا در این نوشتار با استفاده از روش تحلیل ژرفنگرانه موضوع را تبیین و برای آزمون فرضیه نیز از منطق تسری در نظریۀ نوکارکردگرایی استفاده میکنیم. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اتحادیۀ اروپا؛ تسری؛ سیاست مشارکت شرقی؛ سیاست همسایگی اروپا؛ مولداوی؛ نوکارکردگرایی | ||
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