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طبیعیدانهای اروپایی و شبکۀ تجارت منابع گیاهی شرق مدیترانه و اقیانوس هند در قرن 16م/10ق | ||
تاریخ علم | ||
دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 28، شهریور 1399، صفحه 1-32 اصل مقاله (942.75 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jihs.2020.294730.371531 | ||
نویسنده | ||
اشکان اولی پوریان* | ||
باستان شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
در قرن 16م/10ق، گسترش خطوط تجاری و پدیدآیی ارتباط مستقیم سیاسی و تجاری میان کشورهای اروپایی و سرزمینهای آسیایی، سبب افزایش تعاملات فرهنگی و بده بستان میان نظامهای مختلف دانشِ آسیایی و اروپایی شد. یکی از وجوه مهم این تعامل فرهنگی را میتوان در انتقال دانش در باب مواد طبیعی، بهویژه گونههای گیاهی، بین علمای محلی و اطبا/گیاهشناسان اروپایی مشاهده کرد. این مقاله، با معرفی سلسلۀ گیاهشناسان اروپایی قرن 16م که به دانش طبیعی در بارۀ اقیانوس هند پرداختهاند، سعی در روشن کردن وجوه اصلی این بده بستان علمی دارد. بر این اساس، دو دستۀ اصلی مؤلفان معرفی شدهاند: آنها که با حضور در محیط اقیانوس هند بهواسطۀ شبکۀ تجاری سیاسی پرتغال که در این قرن در منطقه غالب بود، دسترسی مستقیم به منابع گیاهی داشتند و مؤلفانی که در اروپا و بهواسطۀ دادههای منتقل شده از طریق شبکههای تجاری به انتشار اطلاعات طبیعتشناسانه از آسیا میپرداختند. این نوشته نشان میدهد که چگونه در قرن 16م، با افزایش اطلاعات مستقیم از گونههای گیاهی محلی، دورهای انتقالی در دانش گیاهشناسی بود که در آن از تأثیر دانش علمای قدیم، بهویژه اطبای مسلمان کاسته شد. امری که هم حاصل کسب اطلاعات دقیقتر از گونههای گیاهی بود و هم شناسایی بسیاری از گونههای دیگری که علمای قدیم معرفی نکرده بودند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
طبیعیدانهای اروپایی؛ قرن 16م؛ منابع گیاهی | ||
مراجع | ||
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